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structure shall be such as to avoid catastrophic fatigue failure
under repeated loads and vibratory loads in the anticipated
operating conditions. Environmental degradation, accidental
damage and other likely failures shall be considered.
C.ll Special factors
Design features (e.g. castings, bearings or fittings), the
strength of which are subject to variability in manufacturing
processes, deterioration in service or any other cause, shall be
accounted for by a suitable factor.
SUB-PART D. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
D.l General
D.l.l Details of design and construction shall be such as
to give reasonable assurance that all helicopter parts will
function effectively and reliably in the anticipated operating
conditions. They shall be based upon practices that experience
has proven to be satisfactory or that are substantiated by
special tests or by other appropriate investigations or both.
They shall also consider Human Factors principles.
helicopter that require such attention, either periodically or
after unusually severe operations.
D. 1.7 Critical parts
All critical parts used in the helicopter shall be identified and
procedures shall be established to ensure that the required
level of integrity for critical parts is controlled during design,
manufacture and throughout the service life of those parts.
Note.- Guidance material on Human Factors principles
can be found in the Human Factors Training Manual
(Doc 9683).
D.2 Systems design features
D.1.2 Substantiation of moving parts
The functioning of all moving parts essential to the safe
operation of the helicopter shall be demonstrated in order to
ensure that they will function correctly under all operating
conditions for such parts.
D. 1.3 Materials
All materials used in parts of the helicopter essential for its
safe operation shall conform to approved specifications. The
approved specifications shall be such that materials accepted
as complying with the specifications will have the essential
properties assumed in the design.
D.1.4 Manufacturing methods
The methods of manufacturing and assembly shall be such as
to produce consistently sound structure which shall be reliable
with respect to maintenance of strength in service.
D. 1.5 Protection
The structure shall be protected against deterioration or loss of
strength in service due to weathering, corrosion, abrasion or
other causes, which could pass unnoticed, taking into account
the maintenance the helicopter will receive.
D. 1.6 Inspection provisions
Adequate provision shall be made to permit any necessary
examination, replacement or reconditioning of parts of the
Special consideration shall be given to design features that
affect the ability of the flight crew to maintain controlled
flight. This shall include at least the following:
a) Controls and control systems. The design of the controls
and control systems shall be such as to minimize the
possibility of jamming, inadvertent operations and
unintentional engagement of control locking devices.
1) Each control and control system shall operate with
the ease, smoothness and precision appropriate to its
function.
2) Each element of each flight control system shall be
designed, or distinctively and permanently marked,
to minimize the probability of any incorrect assembly
that could result in the malfunction of the system.
b) Crew environment. The design of the flight crew compartment
shall allow operation of the controls by the
crew without unreasonable concentration or fatigue.
c) Crew vision. The arrangement of the flight crew
compartment shall be such as to afford a sufficiently
extensive, clear and undistorted field of vision for the
safe operation of the helicopter under all foreseeable
operating conditions for which certification is requested.
d) Provision for emergencies. Means shall be provided
which shall either automatically prevent, or enable the
flight crew to deal with, emergencies resulting from
foreseeable failures of equipment and systems which
would endanger the helicopter.
e) Fire precautions. The helicopter shall have adequate fire
protection.
ANNEX 8 IVB-D-1 13/12/07
Annex 8 - Airworthiness of Aircraft Part ZVB
f) Incapacitation of crew. Design precautions shall be taken a) protect the helicopter, its systems, its occupants and
to protect against the presence of toxic gases which under those who come in contact with the helicopter on the
normal operating conditions could incapacitate the flight ground or water from the dangerous effects of lightning
crew. discharge and electrical shock; and
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附件8--航空器适航性 Airworthiness of Aircraft(56)
