曝光台 注意防骗
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APPLICATION
1. Keep speed adjustments to the
minimum necessary to achieve or
maintain required or desired spacing.
2. Avoid adjustments requiring alternate
decreases and increases.
3. Permit pilots to resume normal speed;
It is the pilot's responsibility to refuse
speed adjustment
Principles of speed
adjustment
1. Priority of speed adjustment instructions is
determined by the relative speed and
position of the aircraft involved and the
spacing requirement.
2. Speed adjustments are not achieved
instantaneously. Aircraft configuration,
altitudes, and speed determine the time and
distance required to accomplish the
adjustment.
Techniques in speed
control
1. For aircraft in an in-trail situation:
Reduce the trailing aircraft first.
Increase the leading aircraft first.
2. Assign a specific airspeed if required
to maintain spacing.
3. Allow increased time and distance to
achieve speed adjustments at:
Higher altitudes.
Greater speed.
Clean configurations.
Techniques in speed
control (cont’)
4. Ensure that aircraft are allowed to
operate in a clean configuration
as long as circumstances permit.
5. Keep the number of speed
adjustments per aircraft to the
minimum required to achieve and
maintain spacing.
Do not assign speed
adjustment
1. At or above FL 390 (QNE12,000m)
without pilot consent.
2. Executing a published high altitude
instrument approach procedure.
3. In a holding pattern.
4. Inside the final approach fix on final
or a point 5 miles from the runway,
whichever is closer to the runway.
Issues should be considered
1. At the time approach clearance is issued,
previously issued speed adjustments shall
be restated if required.
2. Approach clearances cancel any previously
assigned speed adjustment. Pilots are
expected to make their own speed
adjustments to complete the approach
unless the adjustments are restated.
Issues should be
considered (cont’)
3. Express speed adjustments in terms of
knots based on indicated airspeed
(IAS) in 10-knot increments. At or
above FL 240(QNE 7,800m), speeds
may be expressed in terms of Mach
numbers in 0.01 increments for
turbojet aircraft with Mach Numbers
Issues should be
considered (cont’)
1. Pilots complying with speed adjustment
instructions should maintain a speed within
plus or minus 10 knots or 0.02 Mach number
of the specified speed.
2. When assigning speeds to achieve spacing
between aircraft at different altitudes,
consider that ground speed may vary with
altitude.
3. Advise aircraft when speed adjustment is no
longer needed.
Instructions In Speed
Adjustment
1. Maintain present/specific speed.
2. Maintain specified speed or greater/less.
3. Maintain the highest/lowest practical speed.
4. Increase or reduce to a specified speed or by
a specified number of knots.
If you hope to change the aircraft speed at or
above FL390, use IF UNABLE ADVISE. (eg.
Reduce speed to .86, if unable advise)
Instructions In Speed
Adjustment (cont’)
PHRASEOLOGYSAY
AIRSPEED./SAY MACH NUMBER.
MAINTAIN PRESENT SPEED.
MAINTAIN (specific speed) KNOTS
[OR GREATER].
DO NOT EXCEED (speed) KNOTS.
MAINTAIN MAXIMUM FORWARD
SPEED.
MAINTAIN SLOWEST PRACTICAL
SPEED.
Instructions In Speed
Adjustment (cont’)
EXAMPLE-
"Increase speed to Mach point
seven two."
"Reduce speed to two five zero."
"Reduce speed twenty knots."
"Maintain two eight zero knots."
"Maintain maximum forward
speed."
Instructions In Speed
Adjustment (cont’)
Simultaneous speed reduction and
descent can be extremely difficult,
particularly for turbojet aircraft.
Specify which action is expected first
when combining speed reduction with
a descent clearance. When specifying descent
prior to speed reduction, consider the maximum speed
requirements. It may be necessary for some aircraft to level
off temporarily and reduce speed prior to descending.
Minima In Speed
Adjustment
1. To aircraft operating between FL 280 and
10,000 feet, a speed not less than 250
knots or the equivalent Mach number.
Except the pilot is unable to do it.
2. To arrival aircraft below 10,000 feet:
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