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purposes).
8.4.6 Aircraft that are not RNAV approved, but are RNAV equipped, may
plan and operate on designated RNAV routes. Subject to the
relative aircraft disposition, preference will be given to RNAV route
approved (AUSEP) aircraft for level assignment when operating
on designated RNAV routes. ATC will apply separation based on
the navigation capabilities and any Australian RNAV approval
advised in the flight notification.
8.5 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
8.5.1 CASA has approved various operations using GNSS avionics that
receive signals from the GPS constellation. Approvals and
conditions are specific to the operation, flight crew qualifications
and the systems on board the aircraft. Further guidance and
legislative references may be found in CAAP 179A-1.
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
GEN (GENERAL) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
8.5.2 GNSS must not be used as a navigation reference for flight below
the LSALT/MSA, except as specified in applications listed in
paragraph 8.5.5, or as otherwise authorised by CASA.
8.5.3 In the event that GNSS performance degrades to where an alert is
raised, or there is other cause to doubt the integrity of GNSS
information, the pilot-in-command must discontinue its use and
carry out appropriate NAVAID failure procedures.
8.5.4 VFR Operations
8.5.4.1 GPS may be used under the VFR in the following applications:
a. Visual Navigation. Pilots operating under the VFR may use
GPS to supplement map reading and other visual navigation
techniques.
b. Night VFR RNAV. Pilots operating under the VFR at night may
use GPS for:
(1) position fixing and long range navigation in accordance
with ENR 1.1 Section 19.;
(2) operations on designated RNAV routes and application
of RNAV-based LSALT;
(3) deriving distance information for en route navigation,
traffic information and ATC separation; and
(4) meeting the Night VFR requirements for radio navigation
systems specified in GEN 1.5 Section 2., and alternate
aerodrome requirements in accordance with ENR 1.1
section 72.
Note: ATC may apply RNAV-based separation standards to
aircraft meeting the requirements for Night VFR RNAV.
8.5.4.2 Where GPS is used for Night VFR RNAV applications, the flight
crew must be appropriately qualified and GNSS receivers must be
certified to meet TSO-C129, C129a, C145, C145a, C146, C146a
or an equivalent standard approved by CASA.
8.5.4.3 The following table summarises the airworthiness and operational
requirements for GNSS applications under the VFR:
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
GEN (GENERAL) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
GNSS APPLICATIONS – VFR
Application Operational Privileges/
Requirement
Airworthiness
Requirement
Visual Navigation Limited to supplementing visual
navigation techniques.
Any GPS receiver may be used,
but installed receivers must be
fitted in accordance with CAAP
35-1 or AC21-36.
Night VFR RNAV 1. GPS receiver operated in accordance
with the manufacturer’s
operating instructions, and any
additional instructions specified
by the operator.
2. Flight crew hold appropriate
GPS qualifications.
1. GPS receiver certified to
TSO-C129, C129a, C145,
C145a, C146, C146a or equivalent
standard approved by CASA.
2. GPS receiver fitted in accordance
with CAAP 35-1 or AC21-36
and automatic barometric aiding
options functional.
3. Manufacturer’s operating instructions,
and any additional instructions
specified by the operator
carried on board the aircraft.
8.5.5 IFR Operations
8.5.5.1 GPS may be used under the IFR in the following applications:
a. DR Substitute. Pilots operating under the IFR may use GPS in
lieu of DR navigation techniques for that part of the flight that is
outside the rated coverage of terrestrial navigation aids.
Note: This is not an RNAV approval.
b. IFR RNAV. Pilots operating in Australian domestic airspace
under the IFR may use GPS for position fixing and long range
navigation in accordance with ENR 1.1 Section 19., operations
on designated RNAV routes, and application of RNAV-based
LSALT. It may also be used for deriving distance information for
en route navigation, traffic information and ATC separation.
GPS may also be used as a navigation aid to determine
distance information for SID, STAR and instrument approach
procedures where the use of GPS is specified on the IAL chart.
Further, GPS may be used to meet the IFR requirements for
radio navigation systems specified in GEN 1.5 Section 2.
Note: ATC may apply RNAV-based separation standards to
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