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amounts of cloud below the alternate minima are cumulative.
For determining requirements, the cumulative cloud amount is interpreted
as follows:
FEW plus FEW is equivalent to SCT,
FEW plus SCT is equivalent to BKN,
SCT plus SCT is equivalent to BKN or OVC.
b. visibility – less than the alternate minimum; or
c. visibility – greater than the alternate minimum, but the forecast
is endorsed with a percentage probability of fog, mist, dust or
any other phenomenon restricting visibility below the alternate
minimum; or
d. wind – a crosswind or downwind component more than the
maximum for the aircraft.
Note: Wind gusts must be considered.
72.2.2 When operating a helicopter under the VFR, and the use of helicopter
VMC is permissible at the destination, the pilot in command
must provide for a suitable alternate aerodrome when either of the
following conditions is forecast at the destination:
a. cloud – more than SCT below a ceiling of 1,000FT; or
b. visibility – less than 3,000M.
72.2.3 When weather conditions at the destination are forecast to be as
specified at para 72.2.1, but are expected to improve at a specific
time, provision for an alternate aerodrome need not be made if sufficient
fuel is carried to allow the aircraft to hold until that specified
time plus 30 minutes.
72.2.4 When weather conditions at the destination are forecast to be
above the values specified at para 72.2.1, but, additionally, intermittent
or temporary deteriorations in the weather below the values
are forecast, provision of an alternate need not be made if sufficient
additional fuel is carried to allow the aircraft to hold for:
a. 30 minutes for intermittent deterioration (INTER); and
b. 60 minutes for temporary deterioration (TEMPO).
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
ENR (EN ROUTE) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
72.2.5 When thunderstorms or their associated severe turbulence or
their probability is forecast at the destination, sufficient additional
fuel must be carried to permit the aircraft to proceed to a suitable
alternate or to hold for:
a. 30 minutes when the forecast is endorsed INTER; or
b. 60 minutes when the forecast is endorsed TEMPO.
72.2.6 When a forecast has multiple INTER or TEMPO deteriorations and
holding fuel will be carried, fuel must be carried to hold for only the
most limiting requirement. INTER and TEMPO holding fuel requirements
are not cumulative.
72.2.7 When TAFs include a FM period, during which time an operational
requirement will either become effective or be removed, the timing
for the change in operational requirement is as follows:
a. When the weather during the FM period is forecast to create an
operational requirement, that operational requirement will become
effective 30 minutes before the start of the FM time.
b. When the weather during the FM period is forecast to remove
an operational requirement, that operational requirement will
remain effective until 30 minutes after the FM time stated in the
forecast that removes the operational requirement.
72.2.8 The additional fuel required by paras 72.2.4 or 72.2.5 must be carried
when the ETA of the aircraft at its destination or alternate falls
within the period 30 minutes before the forecast commencement
of these deteriorations to either:
a. 30 minutes after the forecast cessation of these deteriorations;
or
b. sufficient fuel is carried to hold until 30 minutes after the forecast
time of cessation of these deteriorations.
72.2.9 Due to the continuous weather watch provided by TTF, the 30 minute
buffers required by paragraphs 72.2.7 and 72.2.8 do not apply.
Flights which will be completed within the time of validity of the TTF
may be planned wholly with reference to the destination TTF.
72.2.10 TTF may have either one visibility or two visibilities included in the
report. Operational requirements will apply when:
a. the sole visibility is less than the alternate minimum, or
b. the higher visibility is less than the alternate minimum.
72.2.11 Flights which cannot use TTF will plan the flight on the current TAF
until such time as the destination ETA falls within the validity period
of a TTF.
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
ENR (EN ROUTE) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
72.2.12 For IFR flights, the alternate minima are as follows:
a. For aerodromes with an instrument approach procedure, the
alternate minima published on the chart (see ENR 1.5, Section
6.).
b. For aerodromes with an instrument approach procedure where
an aerodrome forecast is unavailable or is “provisional”, the
pilot in command must make provision for a suitable alternate.
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