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must only be provided in relation to published way-points unless
specifically requested by an ATS unit.
21.3.7 Where GPS distance is requested or provided from an NDB, VOR,
DME, or published way-point, the latitude and longitude of the
navigation aid or way-point must be derived from a validated database
which cannot be modified by the operator or crew.
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OPERATIONS IN GENERAL AVIATION AERODROME PROCEDURES
(GAAP) CONTROL ZONES (CTRs)
22. GENERAL
22.1 GAAP cater for high density operations by day and night in VMC.
22.2 Aircraft must not enter a GAAP CTR until in receipt of a circuit entry
or zone transit instruction.
22.3 Each GAAP CTR has special operating procedures. These are
specified in ERSA. Pilots unsure of the procedures at a particular
CTR should advise ATC on first contact.
22.4 The circuit altitude for each GAAP aerodrome is specified in
ERSA.
22.5 Where a GAAP aerodrome is equipped with parallel runways, simultaneous
contra-circuits may be conducted by day utilising separate
Tower frequencies. Operations will be regulated independently
in each circuit, with an ATC clearance required to enter the
opposite circuit or airspace.
22.6 Where operations are confined to a single runway, ATC will specify
the circuit direction.
22.7 Due to the density of aircraft operations in proximity to the GA approach
points, transits of non-controlled airspace in close proximity
to GAAP CTRs should be avoided where possible.
23. OPERATING LIMITATIONS
23.1 Simulated instrument flying is not permitted, except where specified
in ERSA and with prior ATC approval.
23.2 The following operations may be conducted by day with prior approval
of ATC:
a. asymmetric training in multi-engined aircraft involving
operations with a propeller feathered;
b. formation flying; and
c. operations on a non-duty runway.
23.3 Simultaneous contra-circuit operations to parallel runways are not
permitted by day in less than VMC and at night.
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24. PROVISION OF SEPARATION
24.1 In VMC, the pilot in command is primarily responsible for separation
from other aircraft. ATC controls runway operations with landing
and take-off clearances, and facilitates a high movement rate
by providing traffic information and/or sequence instructions.
24.2 To aid in the provision of separation, ATC will determine the status
of operations in the GAAP CTR as follows:
a. Unrestricted VFR Operations
There are no weather related restrictions to aircraft operations.
IFR aircraft must operate to the VFR within the GAAP CTR.
b. Restricted VFR Operations
ATC may apply weather-related restrictions to VFR operations
to facilitate the movement and separation of IFR aircraft. ATC
will then broadcast on the ATIS, “RESTRICTED VFR OPERATIONS”.
The actual restriction imposed may be specified individually
to aircraft, although general restrictions may be notified
on the ATIS; eg, “START APPROVAL REQUIRED”.
24.3 Arriving IFR aircraft which are visual outside the GAAP CTR, and
can continue visually, must operate VFR within the CTR (see para
31.5). IFR aircraft operating visually will only receive a traffic information
and sequencing service.
24.4 Arriving IFR aircraft which are not visual outside the GAAP CTR
may operate IFR within the CTR and separation will be provided
until the aircraft becomes visual.
24.5 Departing IFR aircraft must operate VFR within the GAAP CTR
until encountering IMC or leaving the GAAP CTR, whichever is the
sooner.
24.6 When aircraft are operating in conditions less than VMC, ATC will
provide separation within the GAAP CTR.
25. PILOT AND ATC RESPONSIBILITIES
25.1 Pilot Responsibilities
25.1.1 A pilot must:
a. sight and maintain separation from other aircraft whilst operating
in the GAAP CTR;
b. comply with ATC instructions while ensuring that separation is
maintained from other aircraft;
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c. immediately advise ATC if unable to comply with a control instruction;
d. advise ATC if unable to sight, or if sight lost of, other aircraft notified
as traffic.
25.2 ATC Responsibilities
25.2.1 ATC will:
a. apply runway separation standards;
b. issue instructions and/or traffic information to regulate traffic;
c. provide relevant traffic information inside the control zone;
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