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3. Establish information exchange practices.
4. Align decision authority with decision making capacity.
5. Employ proper mix of decision strategies.
6. Effectively manage collaborative debate.
7. Sequence and communicate decisions and assumptions.
8. Employ proper mix of production strategies.
9. Balance push-pull of information flow to decision makers.
10. Maintain attentional scanning across multiple decision threads.
11. Verify key information inputs and employ risk management.
12. Manage battlespace images and cognitive influence.
13. Anticipate and prepare for the emergence of complexity.
DSTO-TR-1034
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14. Manage task priorities, task sequencing, and information cost.
15. Manage errors with start rotation and handover.
16. Practice self-critique and organisational learning.
An element of this research is to assess whether the team factors and processes
involved in establishing such a taxonomy can be formally observed in Australian
Army HQ. If so, an objective is to establish the critical parameters for measuring
these dimensions. A longer-term goal is to generate the taxonomy of C2 behaviours
and processes, and feed such information into a Behaviour Systems model.
5. Exercise Rhino Charge 2000 (Ex RC00)
As part of the refinement and validation process, it is necessary to attend exercises in
a purely exploratory/preliminary manner. This allows for the identification and
refinement of categories, in terms of operational definitions and sample rate. During
February 2000, a low risk operational search exercise was conducted by 9 Bde in
Adelaide, South Australia. This exercise was seen by the analysts as the ideal
opportunity to go through this process during slower tempo operations. This is a
major advantage during the development stage of observational research. In
particular, the analysts are not swamped by the pace of the situation while trying to
code behaviour, as may occur if this was attempted in a high tempo scenario. Once
behaviours are identified, the transition to faster tempo situations is far easier.
6. DSTO Personnel
Table 2 provides details of DSTO personnel who participated in preliminary data
collection at Ex RC00. All four analysts are from Land Operations Division.
Table 2: DSTO personnel details
Name Role
Dr Vanessa Mills Coordinator and methodology refinement, Observer
Ms Christina Stothard 2IC and methodology refinement, Observer
Mr Sam Huf Observer
Mr Peter Williams Observer
7. Methodology
7.1 Participants
Military participants consisted of a combination of regular army and army reservists
from 10/27 Regiment, 9 Bde. The participants were undergoing operational search
training in order to support Operation Gold, as well as future protective operations.
As part of the exercise, participants were required to:
• Operate a Battalion Command Post (Bn CP) to provide C2 for the conduct of the
Search Exercise from 22 to 27 Feb 00;
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• Provide a Company HQ (CHQ ) to provide C2 for the Hampstead Barracks,
including platoon recall and search task coordination from 22 to 27 Feb 00;
• Provide a minimum of four operational search platoons for the search exercise 22
to 27 Feb 00.
7.2 Materials
Table 3 summarises the data collection tools that were used at the exercise. As was
mentioned, the focus was on the more objective observational techniques.
Nonetheless, the questionnaires were administered in order to assess whether the
questions held relevance in an army HQ. In the past, the Teamwork Questionnaire
has only been administered to military personnel during the Military Appreciation
Process, while the NASA TLX has not been used in an Australian Army HQ.
Appendix B contains copies of the draft proformas used to refine and collect data.
Table 3: Data collection tools trialed at exercise
Name Purpose Data Collection
Technique
Time Required
from HQ personnel
Team Behaviour
Measurement (Draft)
Determine team
performance
Observations during
exercise
N/A
Objective Taskload
Measurement (Draft)
Determine C2
taskload and structure
Observations during
exercise
N/A
Teamwork Questionnaire Assess subjective team
performance
Questionnaire given at
end of shift/task
10 minutes
NASA TLX Assess subjective
workload
Questionnaire given at
end of shift/task
5 minutes
7.3 Procedure
7.3.1 Attendance Schedule
Table 4 summarises the attendance by the analysts during the exercise. Observations
were conducted at Battalion HQ (Hampstead Barracks, Building 64), and Company
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