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If you cannot maintain VMC as
cleared, you must request Special
VFR (in a control zone), or an
amended clearance to maintain
VMC, or go IFR. Once outside a
control zone, you cannot continue
88 Canadian Professional Pilot Studies
with Special VFR minima, but must
revert to 1 sm visibility and remain
clear of cloud, in the case of a
helicopter, for example (Special VFR
limits are half a mile visibility and
clear of cloud).
VFR Flight in Class C & D Airspace
You must have clearance before
entering Class C airspace, but you
merely need to establish two-way
communication for Class D. If you
can’t maintain it, you may still enter,
during daylight in VMC, if you get
clearance first. Class C and D
airspace become Class E when ATC
is not in operation.
Operating Restrictions and
Hazards - 601/621
Forest Fires
Not below 3000 feet within 5 nm, or
in any airspace in a relevant
NOTAM, unless under an
appropriate fire control authority,
and Transport Canada performing
their normal duties.
Marking and Lighting of Hazards
A building, structure or object,
including one of natural growth, that
is hazardous to aviation safety
because of height and location must
be marked and lit under the Standards
Obstruction Markings Manual.
Aircraft Icing - 602.11
You may not attempt to take off in
an aircraft with frost, ice or snow on
any of its critical surfaces (see Icing),
except that frost under the wings
caused by cold-soaked fuel may be
present, if the maker's instructions
have been obeyed.
If frost, ice or snow may reasonably
be expected to stick to the aircraft,
you may not attempt to take-off
unless it has been inspected
immediately beforehand, or under an
authorised inspection program (the
latter is required for airlines). The
inspection must be performed by
either the PIC, a designated crew
member or someone who has passed
an aircraft surface contamination
training program.
Crew members must immediately
report frost, ice or snow on the
wings or rotors to the PIC, who
must ensure they are inspected
before take-off. Before an aircraft is
de-iced or anti-iced, the PIC must
ensure that crew members and
passengers are informed.
Altimeters - Setting and
Operating
Altimeter-setting Region - 602.35
The same dimensions as the SDA.
Just before taking off, all altimeters
must use the setting or elevation of
the nearest station. In the cruise, you
must use the nearest station along
the route or nearby, if over 150 nm
apart. Use destination settings just
before commencing descent.
Standard Pressure Region - 602.36
The same dimensions as the NDA.
Just before taking off, all altimeters
must be on the setting or elevation
of the aerodrome. Before reaching
the appropriate flight level, use
29.92” or 1013.2 mb. In the hold,
before landing, set the aerodrome
setting just before the lowest flight
level of the procedure. Otherwise,
the destination setting must be set
just before commencing descent.
Air Law 89
Between Regions - 602.37
Except where authorized by ATC,
when going from the ASR to the
SPR, set all altimeters to 29.92" or
1013.2 mb immediately after entry
into the SPR. The other way, use the
setting of the nearest station along
the route or nearby, if they are more
than 150 nm apart, immediately
before entry into the ASR.
Testing
All VFR aircraft in Class B airspace,
and all IFR aircraft, must have had
an altimeter and static pressure
system check in the last 24 months.
Radiocommunications -
602.122
Language Used - 602.133/134/135
You can only use English or French,
depending on the initial
communication. Some FSSs and
ATC units must provide services
according to the tables in these
sections, but they all must provide
services in English.
On initial contact with ATC, state
the aircraft type, followed by the last
four letters of the registration, as in
"Cessna ABCD." You can also use
the word "Helicopter". ATC may
shorten transmissions to the last 3
letters if there is no confusion.
Phonetic Alphabet
To make transmissions clearer,
letters are pronounced in certain
ways, as follows:
Letter Word Morse
A Alfa . _
B Bravo _ . . .
C Charlie _ . _ .
D Delta _ . .
Letter Word Morse
E Echo .
F Foxtrot . . _ .
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