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17,999 feet. They are available for
Edmonton, Vancouver/Victoria,
Calgary, Saskatoon, Regina,
Winnipeg, Windsor, Toronto,
Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec,
Moncton, Halifax and Gander.
LO and Terminal charts are revised
every 56 days, and updated by
NOTAM. Full details about how to
get them are in the MAP section of
the AIP, where you will also find
version information on the first
page, to see if your map is up to
date. A list of current maps and
charts may be found at
http://sat.rncan.gc.ca under
Products and Services.
Jeppesen charts are recommended,
too. They are the commercial
equivalent of the CAP (see below).
The Canada Air Pilot (CAP) contains
approach, departure and noise
abatement procedures. It is grouped
into provinces and revised every 56
days. Charts inside look like the
picture overleaf.
At the top is the procedure name–
check it carefully and that you're
using the right navaid (it sounds silly,
but mistakes do happen).
Underneath, in separate boxes, are
the radio frequencies you will need,
starting with ATIS, if there is one,
through arrival, tower, ground and
departure, loosely in the order they
will be used. On the extreme right is
the elevation of the field, so you can
cross check your altimeter settings.
The next box down, the largest one
on the page, is the plan view of the
procedure. At its top right is the
airfield code, at its bottom right is a
small circle showing the MSA for the
area covered, according to quadrant,
and in its bottom left is the safe
altitude for 100 nm around. It is
important to note where you are if
Air Law 61
ATC give you different routings,
particularly if, for example, they give
you an extended downwind leg that
takes you off the chart.
Underneath the plan view is the side
view. Although its size is small, it is
arguably the most important one on
the chart, since it gives you the
heights to be at every stage.
Naturally, it should be read in
conjunction with the plan view.
Underneath that is a list of the
appropriate Decision Heights or
Minimum Descent Altitudes, based
on aircraft groups, which in turn are
based on aircraft speeds:
Category Speed
A < 90 kts
B 90-120 kts
C 121-140 kts
D 141-165 kts
The procedures are listed down the
left column, and the relevant heights
for each category to the right. The
bold figures are the heights ASL, or
what you should see on your
altimeter if you have the correct
setting. The small figures in brackets
are the heights above ground.
Finally, on the extreme right, at the
bottom, is a small map of the
aerodrome, showing runways,
taxiways, etc., and right at the
bottom of the chart, in small print
are the co-ordinates for your GPS,
and the local magnetic variation.
The Aeronautical Information Publication
(AIP) presents information from
various sources, and is issued to
every pilot (and amended as long as
the medical is valid) but, because it is
not the original source, should not
be regarded as authoritative.
The Canada Flight Supplement (CFS) is
a supporting document for charts
and approach plates, and lists all
aerodromes and navigation aids.
ATS Flight Plan
The reasons for filing flight plans are
many–firstly, they help get you
slotted into the system, even if it
isn’t quite the route you asked for.
Next, they help with radio failures,
as, once you’re in the pipe, everyone
knows where you’re supposed to be
(more or less) and can act
accordingly. Then there are forced
landings, where an educated guess
may be made as to your position,
followed by statistics, and, finally,
because the law says you must.
A flight plan must be filed for all
commercial flights, except those
under VFR taking off and landing at
the same aerodrome. This includes
62 Canadian Professional Pilot Studies
positioning, private and line training.
You can file one at any time at your
discretion, but don't forget to close it
properly, or you will be overrun by
C130s. An itinerary is enough for
other flights, such as local area
training flights, or air tests. There
must be a responsible person on the
ground to monitor flight progress,
and alert the emergency services if
you do not arrive at the SAR
notification time or within 1 hour of
ETA (24 hours for an itinerary).
You should always file a plan as far
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