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Unless parachuting, this may be
done only in day VFR in a stabilized
hover. You must calculate the
longitudinal and lateral Centre of
Gravity and operating weight for
WAT (Weight, Altitude and
Temperature, that is, performance)
purposes. People embarking or
disembarking must be instructed on
related hazards and techniques, and
crew members trained under Section
722.76. Equipment or cargo must be
secured to prevent shifting in flight,
and must not be loaded or unloaded
from a remote compartment (from
the main cabin) unless the C of G
has been calculated and cargo
handlers instructed. The Ops
Manual must include embarkation,
disembarkation and briefing
procedures and crew training.
“Shifting” means enough to affect
the C of G.
Aircraft Operating Over Water
- 702.20/722.20, 703.23
Helicopters only, with approved
flotation kit, except for fire
suppression or fish stocking if the
essential people on board have life
preservers and have been instructed
in ditching and evacuation (the
details must be in the Ops Manual).
Over the water, you must be high
enough to inflate the floats. Life
preservers for each person on board
must be within reach when seat belts
are fastened. When over 15 minutes
at normal cruising speed from shore
or a suitable aerodrome when
carrying passengers, you must have
direct air-ground flight following and
the Ops Manual must include
Air Law 41
equipment requirements, procedures
and restrictions.
Helicopter External Loads
You may not carry passengers when
slinging if the helicopter does not
have authorisation in the type
certificate or approved STC.
Otherwise, they must be essential to
the operation. See also Carriage of
People on Aerial Work (above).
A Class A load does not extend
below the landing gear and is usually
bolted to the aircraft, such as a
stretcher, spray kit or fuel tank. A
Class B load can be jettisoned and is
not in contact with land, water or
any other surface. A Class C load is
similar, but remains in contact with
the surface (like when towing) and a
Class D includes a person or is
anything not inside the other
classifications, for which you need
two methods of release and a multiengined
helicopter that can hover on
one engine in the prevailing
conditions, with appropriate engine
isolation. However, most loads will
be Class B. If you do this over a
built-up area, an Aerial Work Zone
Plan needs to go to Transport
Canada at least 5 days ahead.
Class B or C external loads at night
Must have a landing or search light
controllable through 45° either side
of the forward longitudinal axis. The
load work zone, pick-up and load
drop sites must be sufficiently
lighted. The hook must be
fluorescent-painted or otherwise
marked to be discernible to ground
workers. Approach, departure and
transit routes between work zones
must be pre-planned to ensure safe
obstacle clearance. Flights must be
coordinated with ATC. Operational
restrictions and procedures must be
in the Ops Manual.
Class B loads VFR OTT
The helicopter must be multiengined,
in day VFR OTT at a
combined aircraft and external cargo
weight that permits either
continuation at the required enroute
altitude with the load attached and
one engine out, or descent with one
engine out under VMC from OTT
flight with the load attached to
permit safe jettisoning. Flights must
not take place over built-up or
populated areas where loss of the
load would create a hazard to people
or property on the surface, and must
be coordinated with ATC who must
be advised of the load.
External loads under IFR
The helicopter must be Transport
Category A, and its combination
with the load must be airworthiness
approved for IFR. Only crew and
people essential during flight can be
carried, and none externally. Must be
coordinated with ATC who must be
advised of the load, and operational
restrictions and procedures must be
in the Ops Manual.
Class D
The crew must be able to
communicate. The carrying device
must be approved and the load must
be jettisonable if it extends below
the landing gear. One-engine
inoperative charts must be available
for the weight and density altitude,
which may take account of
windspeed over 10 kts. The Ops
Manual must include operational
requirements, procedures,
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Canadian Professional Pilot Studies1(32)
