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without a map Your choices are
VNC, WAC or VTA. Normal VFR
Air Law 39
flight doesn't require charts, but you
must be familiar with appropriate
available information for the trip.
CPL or ATPL holders may fly VFR
OTT, but the rating needs to be
specially endorsed on helicopter
licences and aeroplane PPLs. RPP
holders may not.
Towing VFR at Night (Aerial Work)
Must follow Section 602.14 (low
flying) over built-up areas unless
otherwise authorized, taking account
of hazards if an inadvertent release
happens. The tow must be
jettisonable and lighted, having been
tested in Day VFR. Departure and
approach paths must not go over
built-up areas. Only crew members
and people with essential in-flight
duties must be carried. The PIC
must have at least 10 hours towing
in the last 6 months.
The object being towed must not be
a glider, taking into account
proximity to a lighted glider recovery
aerodrome. Flights must be
coordinated with ATC. Operational
restrictions and procedures must be
in the Ops Manual.
Towing VFR OTT (Aerial Work)
Flights must follow Section 602.15
(i.e. less than normal low flying
minima) only on pre-planned routes
or areas with no hazards. You must
be able to descend in VMC. The tow
must be jettisonable and have been
tested in Day VFR. Flights must be
coordinated with ATC. Operational
restrictions and procedures must be
in the Ops Manual.
Towing under IFR
No chance.
Dispersing of products VFR at night
Only under VFR, with a discernable
natural horizon. The dispersing area
must have been surveyed by day and
obstructions marked for night. The
pilot must be familiar with the flight
path and obstructions beforehand.
The aircraft must have a lighting
system for obstacles, and operational
restrictions and procedures must be
in the Ops Manual.
Dispersal of products under VFR
OTT or IFR - aerial weather altering
Must be coordinated with ATC, with
no hazards to people or property on
the surface, with restrictions and
procedures in the Ops Manual.
Single-engine aircraft VFR at night
or IFR – Passenger Transport
Only in factory built, turbinepowered
aeroplanes with an engine
MTBF of 0.01/1,000 or less
established over 100,000 hours in
service. You may not fly over
Designated Mountainous Regions 1
and 5 and you must be properly
trained. If a foreign aircraft, you
must be authorised by your State.
Aeroplane Equipment
Two attitude indicators, powered
separately and independently, two
independent power generating
sources, each capable of sustaining
essential flight instruments and
electrical equipment, an auto-ignition
system, or a specification in the Ops
Manual that continuous ignition
must be ON for take-off, landing
and flight in heavy precipitation, a
chip detector system for excessive
ferrous material in the engine
lubrication system, a radar altimeter
and a manual throttle which
bypasses the FCU if it fails.
40 Canadian Professional Pilot Studies
VFR at night
Nobody, other than crew members,
people essential during flight and
parachutists (when authorized), can
be carried over Designated
Mountainous Regions 1 and 5, and
aircraft equipment, pilot
qualifications and restrictions must
be included in the Ops Manual. You
must also carry maps. Parachuting
must be within 10 nm of the
departure point.
IFR
Flights must not be over Designated
Mountainous Regions as defined in
the Designated Airspace Handbook (TP
1820), and aircraft equipment, pilot
qualifications and restrictions must
be in the Ops Manual.
VFR at night, people other than crew
on board No IR
Only with crew and people essential
during flight. The area must have
lights on the surface for visual
reference and a discernable horizon.
Flights must be on pre-planned
plotted routes with the PIC familiar
with navigation procedures, and
aircraft equipment requirements,
pilot qualifications and restrictions
must be in the Ops Manual.
1,000' OTT IFR
Not allowed in Class A or B
airspace, but in Class C or D, you
must be at least 1,000 feet above
cloud, haze or other phenomena that
has a well-defined top, with at least 3
sm visibility and maintain the
appropriate cruising altitude, as well
being authorised by ATC.
Entering or Leaving a Helicopter
in Flight - 702.19/722.19
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