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Supplementary Procedures in
Document 7030/4 of ICAO.
For any transoceanic flight, in a
single, or underpowered multi (that
is, unable to maintain flight if an
engine fails), you must have an IR,
an HF radio covering at least two
international air-ground frequencies,
hypothermia protection for each
person and enough fuel under
Section 602.88 (plus at least 10% as
contingency fuel) to get to the
destination. You must also have the
equipment in Section 605.18, which
covers instruments, lighting, radios,
etc required for IFR.
The rules apply to all aircraft
between FL 285-420, between 27°N
and the North Pole, the Eastern
boundaries the Santa Maria,
Shanwick and Rekjavik CTAs, and
the Western boundaries of Rekjavik,
Gander and New York CTAs,
except West of 60°W and South of
38°30'N.
Aircraft must have 2 Long Range
Navigation Systems (see RAC for
full list) capable of giving a
continuous display of position
relative to track, with the steering
guidance system preferably coupled
to the autopilot.
Air Law 85
NAT RVSM
Reduced Vertical Separation
Minimum altitudes are between
FLs 290-410.
Flight levels allow 1,000-foot
vertical separation, depending
whether the flight is on random
tracks east- or westbound, and
on the organised track system.
North American Routes
The NAR system interfaces
with NAT oceanic and domestic
airspace, from established
coastal fixes to major airports in
Canada and the US. Refer to the
CFS for full details.
NAT Organised Tracks
Organised tracks for subsonic
traffic are published daily in a
NAT Track Message over the
AFTN to interested parties.
Shanwick ACC handles the
daytime structure and Gander
ACC the night time one. The
hours of validity are in the
Track Message, but are usually
1130-1800 UTC at 30°W for
daytime and 0100-0800 UTC
for night. The reason for the
long gap between them is to
provide for an orderly change
over. The most Northerly track
by day is Alpha, moving
Southwards as Bravo, Charlie,
etc. At night, the tracks work
backwards from the most
Southerly, Zulu.
Over the high seas, the lower
limit is FL 55 (there is no upper
limit), and the airspace is
classified as A. Below that, it is
G. All flights must be
conducted under IFR.
The transponder should be set to
2000 when in the NAT region. Full
details on flight planning procedures
will be found in Section 11 of RAC.
Low Level Controlled Airspace
Consists of control area extensions,
control zones, high level airways and
airspace, low level airways, Arctic,
Northern and Southern Control
Areas, TCAs, transition areas,
restricted airspace, advisory airspace,
military operations areas and danger
areas, from 2200 feet to 17,999 feet.
A control zone is an area round an
aerodrome (usually 7 nm radius, and
Class B) where IFR and VFR aircraft
are controlled by ATC. The normal
height is 3,000 feet AGL (actually
above aerodrome elevation). If the
weather is below VFR in a control
zone, you must ask for Special VFR
clearance before flying in it.
A Control Area Extension is extra
airspace for controlling IFR aircraft
at busy airfields, usually starting at
2200 feet AGL and stretching to
18,000 ASL, although outer portions
may be higher.
A Terminal Control Area (TCA) is for
IFR aircraft within a 45 nm radius of
the primary aerodrome, up to 9500
feet for the last 10 nm. Between 12-
35 nm, the height will be 2200 feet.
The military version (MTCA) speaks
for itself.
A transition area starts at 700 AGL
and ends at the first boundary of
controlled airspace. It is also meant
for IFR aircraft and will be at least
the size required for instrument
approach procedures, although it
normally has a 15 nm radius.
86 Canadian Professional Pilot Studies
ICAO Airspace Classifications
Controlled airspace is classified into
Class A, B, C, D, E, F Special Use
Restricted or F Special Use Advisory.
Class A
Separation is provided for IFR
aircraft only (VFR is not permitted),
from 18,000 feet to FL 600.
Class B
Separation is provided between all
aircraft, IFR or VFR, from 12,500
feet (or MEA, whichever is higher)
to 17,999 feet. It may contain a
control zone and TCA. Clearance is
required from VFR aircraft before
entering, and position reporting is
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