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which must be above the minima in
the AOC or the Canada Air Pilot. Put
another way, you can't take off if
they are not.
The take-off visibility is either:
· the RVR of the runway, when at
or over the minima, unless it is
fluctuating above and below, or
is lower due to a localised effect
· ground visibility for the runway
· visibility observed by the PIC
in that order. If ground visibility
takes precedence because RVR is
fluctuating, or is affected by local
phenomena, ATC must tell you what
it is on takeoff.
The standard minimum visibility is
RVR 2600 or ½ statute mile, used in
the absence of anything else. If you
don't need to look out of the
window to see and avoid obstacles,
you can go down to half a mile but,
otherwise, visibilities are specified (as
in specified visibility) for various aircraft
groups, such as A (1 sm), B (1.5 sm),
C and D (2 sm).
Weather Below Landing Limits
Aerial work
The aeroplane must be a twin, or an
approved single. An alternate must
Air Law 77
be in the IFR flight plan, within 60
minutes at normal cruising speed.
Air Taxi
Where more than 9 passenger seats
are prevented from being occupied,
an alternate aerodrome must be in
the IFR flight plan, within the
distance that can be flown in 60
minutes at the normal cruising speed
(twins), or 120 (three engines or
more). Otherwise, one-engineinoperative
cruise speed applies.
Helicopters
Must be multi-engined, with an
alternate in the IFR flight plan,
within the distance which can be
flown in 60 minutes at normal
cruising speed.
Weather Below Take-off Minima
Minima Reported RVR 600 feet
The Ops Manual (or equivalent),
must have detailed guidance on
determining the departure with one
engine out climb gradient and
obstacle clearance.
You must have high intensity
runway lights, centre line lights and
markings that are plainly visible
throughout the takeoff, and at least
two transmissometers, one at the
approach and one at the mid-point,
each reading at least RVR 600 feet.
If there are three, and the one at the
mid-point is out, you can take off if
the other two read at least RVR 600–
the readings must exist beforehand.
The PIC and 2IC artificial horizons
must have attitude index lines in
above and below the reference line
to at least 15°—failure warning
systems must be working and you
must be authorised by your State.
Helicopters
You must have high intensity
runway lights, centre line lights
and markings plainly visible
throughout the takeoff run, and
at least one transmissometer at
the approach or mid-point,
reading at least RVR 600' – this
reading must exist and visual
reference must be maintained
until at least Vtoss (take-off
safety speed) and Vmini
(instrument flight min speed).
The PIC and 2IC AHs must
have pitch attitude index lines in
increments above and below the
reference line to at least 15°—
failure warning systems must be
working and you must be
authorised by your State.
RVR 1200’ – Certified Engine-out
Take-off/Climb Performance
i.e. for turbine-powered aeroplanes:
The Ops Manual must contain
detailed guidance on determining the
departure with one-engine out climb
gradient and obstacle clearance. A
take-off alternate within 60 minutes
at still air normal cruising speed
must be in the flight plan, with
minima as per the Canada Air Pilot.
The runway must be equipped as in
the manual of Aerodrome Standards
and Recommended Practices, with
serviceable and functioning high
intensity runway lights or centre-line
lights, or with centre-line markings
that are plainly visible throughout
the take-off run.
The takeoff alternate must be within
60 minutes at the one-engineinoperative
cruise speed. If on
ETOPS, or with a three- or four78
Canadian Professional Pilot Studies
engined aircraft, the time increases
to 120 minutes.
The PIC must be satisfied that the
required visibility exists before
commencing take-off, and the PIC
and 2IC AHs must incorporate pitch
index lines in appropriate increments
above and below zero pitch line to at
least 15°, and be capable of ensuring
ready depiction of attitude. An
approved failure warning system for
essential instrument and equipment
failures must be installed and
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