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Present Weather 149
Cloud 149
Temperature and Dewpoint 149
Pressure Setting 149
Recent Weather 149
Windshear 150
Remarks 150
Auto 150
SIGMETs 150
PIREPs/AIREPs 150
AIRMET 150
RAREPs 150
CAVOK 150
Weather Abbreviations 150
Charts 151
Surface Weather 151
The Station Circle 152
Front Passage 152
Upper Level Charts 153
Analysis Charts 153
Prognostic Charts 153
Some Questions 153
Some Answers 154
PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT 155
Definitions 155
Airflow 156
The Aerofoil 156
Stability 159
Longitudinal Stability 159
Lateral Stability 159
Directional Stability 160
Dutch Roll 160
Spiral Stability 160
Forces In Flight 160
Lift 160
Weight 161
Thrust 161
Drag 161
Maximum Range Speed 163
Maximum Endurance Speed 163
Formula 163
Load Factor 163
Propellers 164
xiv Canadian Professional Pilot Studies
Constant Speed Propeller 165
Counterweights 166
Oil Control 166
High Speed Flight 166
The Helicopter 168
Tail Rotor Drift 171
Tail Rotor Roll 171
Tail Rotor Failure 171
Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness 173
Rotor Systems 174
In flight 174
Autorotations 175
Ground Resonance 176
Dynamic Rollover 176
Ground Effect 177
Recirculation 177
Vortex Ring 178
Power 178
Blade Sailing 179
Some Questions 179
Some Answers 179
AIRFRAMES, ENGINES & SYSTEMS 181
Aeroplanes 182
Helicopters 183
Flight Controls 183
Aeroplanes 184
Trim 185
Mass Balance 186
Flaps 186
Other Wing Devices 187
Manoeuvres 187
Taxi 187
Takeoff 188
The Circuit 189
Straight and Level 190
Turns 190
Spiral Dives 192
Climbing 192
Descent 193
Approach & Landing 193
Slipping 194
Stalling 194
Spinning 195
The HASELL Checks 195
Low and Slow 196
Table of Contents xv
Helicopter 196
Control Orbit 198
Engines 198
Reciprocating Engines 199
Timing 202
The Carburettor 202
Fuel Injection 205
Superchargers 205
Turbochargers 206
Ignition 206
The 4-Stroke (Otto) Cycle 207
Turbines 209
The Inlet 210
The Compressor 210
The Combustor 212
The Turbine 212
The Nozzle 213
Fuel Control 214
Jet Fuel 214
FCU 214
FADEC 214
Engine Instruments 215
Engine Handling 215
Lubrication 217
Fuel Supply 219
Systems 220
Hydraulics 220
Undercarriages 221
Transmissions 222
Pneumatics 222
APU 222
Compressed Air 223
Cabin Pressurisation 224
Air Conditioning 225
Air Supply 225
Heating 226
Cooling 226
Deicing 227
Fire Detection 228
Autopilots, etc 229
Vibrations 230
Aircraft Husbandry 230
Defects 231
Some Questions 233
Some Answers 233
xvi Canadian Professional Pilot Studies
INSTRUMENTS 235
Pitch 235
Bank 236
Power 236
Pitot-Static System 237
The Altimeter 238
Errors 239
Radio Altimeter 239
Airspeed Indicator 240
Machmeter 241
Vertical Speed Indicator 242
The Compass 243
E2B 244
Acceleration Errors 244
Turning Errors 245
The Compass Swing 245
Gyroscopes 246
Artificial Horizon 248
Heading Indicator (DGI) 249
Turn Coordinator 250
Turn And Bank Indicator 251
Flight Director 251
Horizontal Situation Indicator 251
EFIS 252
Instrument Flying Procedures 252
Partial Panel 253
Manoeuvres 253
Climbing 254
Descending 254
Turning 254
Unusual Attitudes 254
Calculations 254
A Typical IFR Flight 255
Flight Planning 255
Taxi 255
Takeoff 257
Climb 257
Enroute 257
Holding 257
Arrival 260
DME Arc 262
Circling 263
Finals 263
Missed Approach 263
Multi Crew 264
Helicopter Instrument Flying 265
Table of Contents xvii
Some Questions 265
Some Answers 265
ELECTRICITY & RADIO 267
Atomic Theory 267
Electricity 268
Batteries 268
Amps 271
Volts 271
Resistance 271
Impedance 272
Capacitance 272
Inductance 272
Resonance 272
Ohm's Law 272
Busbars 273
Magnetism 274
Direct Current 274
The Generator 274
Alternating Current 275
The Alternator 276
Radio 276
Sidebands 277
Wavebands 278
Propagation 278
Calculations 280
Datalink 281
VHF FM 281
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