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being maintained or the different assigned altitude.
CAUTION−
Pilots should not take action to change their actual
altitude or different assigned altitude to that stated in the
controller’s verification request unless the controller
specifically authorizes a change.
4.2.3ARTCC Radio Frequency Outage.
ARTCC’s normally have at least one back−up radio
receiver and transmitter system for each frequency
which can usually be pressed into service quickly
with little or no disruption of ATC service.
Occasionally, technical problems may cause a delay
but switchover seldom takes more than 60 seconds.
When it appears that the outage will not be quickly
remedied, the ARTCC will usually request a nearby
aircraft, if there is one, to switch to the affected
frequency to broadcast communications instructions.
It is important, therefore, that the pilot wait at least
one minute before deciding that the ARTCC has
actually experienced a radio frequency failure. When
such an outage does occur, the pilot should, if
workload and equipment capability permit, maintain
a listening watch on the affected frequency while
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.3−4
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
attempting to comply with the recommended
communications procedures which follow.
4.2.3.1If two−way communications cannot be
established with the ARTCC after changing frequencies,
a pilot should attempt to recontact the
transferring controller for the assignment of an
alternative frequency or other instructions.
4.2.3.2When an ARTCC radio frequency failure
occurs after two−way communications have been
established, the pilot should attempt to reestablish
contact with the center on any other known ARTCC
frequency, preferably that of the next responsible
sector when practicable, and ask for instructions.
However, when the next normal frequency change
along the route is known to involve another ATC
facility, the pilot should contact that facility, if
feasible, for instructions. If communications cannot
be reestablished by either method, the pilot is
expected to request communications instructions
from the FSS appropriate to the route of flight.
NOTE−
The exchange of information between an aircraft and an
ARTCC through an FSS is quicker than relay via company
radio because the FSS has direct interphone lines to the
responsible ARTCC sector. Accordingly, when circumstances
dictate a choice between the two, during an
ARTCC frequency outage, relay via FSS radio is
recommended.
5. Radio Communications Failure
5.1Pilots of IFR flights experiencing two−way radio
failure are expected to adhere to the procedures
prescribed in GEN 3.4, paragraph 12.
REFERENCE−
14 CFR Section 91.185
6. Position Reporting
6.1The safety and effectiveness of traffic control
depends to a large extent on accurate position
reporting. In order to provide the proper separation
and expedite aircraft movements, ATC must be able
to make accurate estimates of the progress of every
aircraft operating on an IFR flight plan.
6.2Position Identification
6.2.1When a position report is to be made passing a
VOR radio facility, the time reported should be the
time at which the first complete reversal of the
to/from" indicator is accomplished.
6.2.2When a position report is made passing a
facility by means of an airborne automatic direction
finder (ADF), the time reported should be the time at
which the indicator makes a complete reversal.
6.2.3When an aural or light−panel indication is used
to determine the time passing a reporting point, such
as a fan marker, Z marker, cone of silence or
intersection of range courses, the time should be
noted when the signal is first received and again when
it ceases. The mean of these two times should then be
taken as the actual time over the fix.
6.2.4If a position is given with respect to distance
and direction from a reporting point, the distance and
direction should be computed as accurately as
possible.
6.2.5Except for terminal transition purposes,
position reports or navigation with reference to aids
not established for use in the structure in which flight
is being conducted will not normally be required by
ATC.
6.3Position Reporting Points
6.3.1Federal Aviation Regulations require pilots to
maintain a listening watch on the appropriate
frequency and, unless operating under the provisions
of subparagraph 6.4, to furnish position reports
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