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NAT, CAR, PAC Regions upon request to the
appropriate RCC at all times when they are not
engaged in search and rescue activity in their home
territory. All facilities are specialized in SAR
techniques and functions.
5. Applicable ICAO Documents
Annex 12 . . . . . . . . . Search and Rescue
Annex 13 . . . . . . . . . Aircraft Accident Inquiry
Doc 7030 . . . . . . . . . Regional Supplementary
Procedures for Alerting and
Search and Rescue Services
applicable to the
NAM, NAT, CAR, PAC
Regions.
6. Differences from ICAO Standards,
Recommended Practices and Procedures
6.1 Differences from ICAO Standards, Recommended
Practices and Procedures are listed in
GEN 1.7.
7. Emergency Locator Transmitters
7.1 General
7.1.1 ELTs are required for most General Aviation
airplanes.
REFERENCE-
14 CFR SECTION 91.207.
7.1.2 ELTs of various types were developed as a
means of locating downed aircraft. These electronic,
battery operated transmitters operate on one of three
frequencies. These operating frequencies are
121.5MHz, 243.0 MHz, and the newer 406 MHz.
ELTs operating on 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz are
analog devices. The newer 406 MHz ELT is a digital
transmitter that can be encoded with the owner's
contact information or aircraft data. The latest
406MHz ELT models can also be encoded with the
aircraft's position data which can help SAR forces
locate the aircraft much more quickly after a crash.
The 406 MHz ELTs also transmits a stronger signal
when activated than the older 121.5 MHz ELTs.
7.1.2.1 The Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) requires 406 MHz ELTs be registered with the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) as outlined in the ELT's documentation. The
FAA's 406 MHz ELT Technical Standard Order
(TSO) TSO-C126 also requires that each 406 MHz
ELT be registered with NOAA. The reason is NOAA
maintains the owner registration database for U.S.
registered 406 MHz alerting devices, which includes
ELTs. NOAA also operates the United States' portion
of the Cospas-Sarsat satellite distress alerting system
designed to detect activated ELTs and other distress
alerting devices.
7.1.2.2 In the event that a properly registered
406MHz ELT activates, the Cospas-Sarsat satellite
system can decode the owner's information and
provide that data to the appropriate search and
rescue(SAR) center. In the United States, NOAA
provides the alert data to the appropriate U.S. Air
Force Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) or U.S.
Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Center. That RCC
can then telephone or contact the owner to verify the
status of the aircraft. If the aircraft is safely secured
in a hangar, a costly ground or airborne search is
avoided. In the case of an inadvertent 406 MHz ELT
activation, the owner can deactivate the 406 MHz
ELT. If the 406 MHz ELT equipped aircraft is being
flown, the RCC can quickly activate a search.
406MHz ELTs permit the Cospas-Sarsat satellite
system to narrow the search area to a more confined
area compared to that of a 121.5 MHz or 243.0 MHz
ELT. 406 MHz ELTs also include a low-power
121.5MHz homing transmitter to aid searchers in
finding the aircraft in the terminal search phase.
7.1.2.3 Each analog ELT emits a distinctive
downward swept audio tone on 121.5 MHz and
243.0MHz.
7.1.2.4 If “armed” and when subject to crash-generated
forces, ELTs are designed to automatically
activate and continuously emit their respective
signals, analog or digital. The transmitters will
operate continuously for at least 48 hours over a wide
temperature range. A properly installed, maintained,
and functioning ELT can expedite search and rescue
operations and save lives if it survives the crash and
is activated.
7.1.2.5 Pilots and their passengers should know how
to activate the aircraft's ELT if manual activation is
required. They should also be able to verify the
aircraft's ELT is functioning and transmitting an alert
after a crash or manual activation.
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.6-3
15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
7.1.2.6 Because of the large number of 121.5 MHz
ELT false alerts and the lack of a quick means of
verifying the actual status of an activated 121.5 MHz
or 243.0 MHz analog ELT through an owner
registration database, U.S. SAR forces do not
respond as quickly to initial 121.5/243.0 MHz ELT
alerts as the SAR forces do to 406 MHz ELT alerts.
Compared to the almost instantaneous detection of a
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