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use of power in ditching is so important that when it
is certain that the coast cannot be reached, the pilot
should, if possible, ditch before fuel is exhausted. The
use of power in a night or instrument ditching is far
more essential than under daylight contact conditions.
18.6.2If no power is available, a greater than normal
approach speed should be used down to the flare−out.
This speed margin will allow the glide to be broken
early and more gradually, thereby giving the pilot
time and distance to feel for the surface − decreasing
the possibility of stalling high or flying into the water.
When landing parallel to a swell system, little
difference is noted between landing on top of a crest
or in the trough. If the wings of the aircraft are
trimmed to the surface of the sea rather than the
horizon, there is little need to worry about a wing
hitting a swell crest. The actual slope of a swell is very
gradual. If forced to land into a swell, touchdown
should be made just after passage of the crest. If
contact is made on the face of the swell, the aircraft
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.6−19
15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
may be swamped or thrown violently into the air,
dropping heavily into the next swell. If control
surfaces remain intact, the pilot should attempt to
maintain the proper nose attitude by rapid and
positive use of the controls.
18.7After Touchdown
18.7.1In most cases drift caused by crosswind can
be ignored; the forces acting on the aircraft after
touchdown are of such magnitude that drift will be
only a secondary consideration. If the aircraft is under
good control, the crab" may be kicked out with
rudder just prior to touchdown. This is more
important with high wing aircraft, for they are
laterally unstable on the water in a crosswind, and
may roll to the side in ditching.
NOTE−
This information has been extracted from the publication
Aircraft Emergency Procedures Over Water."
19. Fuel Dumping
19.1Should it become necessary to dump fuel, the
pilot should immediately advise ATC. Upon receipt
of advice that an aircraft will dump fuel, ATC will
broadcast or cause to be broadcast immediately and
every 3 minutes thereafter on appropriate ATC, FSS,
and airline company radio frequencies the following:
EXAMPLE−
ATTENTION ALL AIRCRAFT−FUEL DUMPING IN
PROGRESS−OVER (location) AT (altitude) BY (type
aircraft) (flight direction).
19.2Upon receipt of such a broadcast, pilots of
aircraft affected, which are not on IFR flight plans or
special VFR clearances, should clear the area
specified in the advisory. Aircraft on IFR flight plans
or special VFR clearances will be provided specific
separation by ATC. At the termination of the fuel
dumping operation, pilots should advise ATC. Upon
receipt of such information, ATC will issue, on
appropriate frequencies, the following:
EXAMPLE−
ATTENTION ALL AIRCRAFT−FUEL DUMPING BY−
(type aircraft) TERMINATED.
20. Special Emergency (Air Piracy)
20.1A special emergency is a condition of air piracy,
or other hostile act by a person(s) aboard an aircraft,
which threatens the safety of the aircraft or its
passengers.
20.2The pilot of an aircraft reporting a special
emergency condition should:
20.2.1If circumstances permit, apply distress or
urgency radio − telephony procedures. Include the
details of the special emergency.
20.2.2If circumstances do not permit the use of
prescribed distress or urgency procedures, transmit:
20.2.2.1On the air−ground frequency in use at the
time.
20.2.2.2As many as possible of the following
elements spoken distinctly and in the following order.
a)Name of the station addressed (time and
circumstances permitting).
b)The identification of the aircraft and present
position.
c)The nature of the special emergency condition
and pilot intentions (circumstances permitting).
d)If unable to provide this information, use code
words and/or transponder setting for indicated
meanings as follows:
Spoken Words
TRANSPONDER SEVEN FIVE ZERO ZERO
Meaning
Am being hijacked/forced to a new destination
Transponder Setting
Mode 3/A, Code 7500
NOTE−
Code 7500 will never be assigned by ATC without prior
notification from the pilot that the aircraft is being
subjected to unlawful interference. The pilot should refuse
the assignment of this code in any other situation and
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