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parallel taxilane
centerline
Fixed or movable object
64 feet
19.5 meters
39.5 feet
12 meters
97 feet
29.5 meters
57.5 feet
17.5 meters
140 feet
42.5 meters
81 feet
24.5 meters
198 feet
60 meters
112.5 feet
34 meters
245 feet
74.5 meters
138 feet
42 meters
298 feet
91 meters
167 feet
51 meters
3.8.10* Line−of−sight standards for taxiways are not provided in U.S. practice, but there is a requirement
that the sight distance along a runway from an intersecting taxiway must be sufficient to allow a
taxiing aircraft to safely enter or cross the runway.
3.8.11* Transverse slopes of taxiways are based on aircraft approach categories. For categories C and D,
slopes are 1.0−1.5 percent; for A and B, 1.0−2.0 percent.
3.11.5 The runway centerline to taxi−holding position separation for code 1 is 38 meters for non−precision
operations and 53 meters for precision. Code 3 and 4 precision operations require a separation of
75 meters, except for “wide bodies,” which require 85 meters.
31 JULY 08
AIP
United States of America
GEN 1.7−52
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
Dimensions and Slopes for Protective Areas and Surfaces
Precision
Approach Non−precision Instrument Approach Visual Runway
All runways All runwaysa Runways other
than utilityb
Utility
runwaysd
Runways other
than utility
Utility
runways
Width of inner edge 305 meters 305 meters 152 meters 152 meters 152 meters 76 metersc
Divergency
(each side) 15 percent 15 percent 15 percent 15 percent 10 percent 10 percent
Final width 4,877 meters 1,219 meters 1,067 metersc 610 meters 475 metersc 381 metersc
Length 15,240 meters 3,048 metersc 3,048 metersc 1,524 metersc 1,524 metersc 1,524 metersc
Slope: inner
3,049 meters 2 percent 2.94 percentc 2.94 percentc 5 percentc 5 percentc 5 percentc
Slope: beyond
3,048 meters 2.5 percentc
aWith visibility minimum as low as 1.2 km; bwith visibility minimum greater than 1.2 km; ccriteria less demanding than
Annex 14 Table 4−1 dimensions and slopes. dUtility runways are intended to serve propeller−driven aircraft having a
maximum take−off mass of 5,570 kg.
Chapter 4 Obstacle Restriction and Removal
4.1 Obstacle limitation surfaces similar to those described in 4.1−4.20 are found in 14 CFR Part 77.
4.1.21 A balked landing surface is not used.
4.1.25 The U.S. does not establish take−off climb obstacle limitation areas and surface, per se, but does
specify protective surfaces for each end of the runway based on the type of approach procedures
available or planned. The dimensions and slopes for these surfaces and areas are listed in the table
above.
4.2 The dimensions and slopes of U.S. approach areas and surfaces are set forth in the above table.
Aviation regulations do not prohibit construction of fixed objects above the surfaces described in
these sections.
Chapter 5 Visual Aids for Navigation
5.2.1.7* The U.S. does not require unpaved taxiways to be marked.
5.2.2.2* The U.S. does not require a runway designator marking for unpaved runways.
5.2.2.4 Zeros are not used to precede single−digit runway markings. An optional configuration of the
numeral 1 is available to designate a runway 1 and to prevent confusion with the runway centerline.
5.2.4.2*
5.2.4.3*
Threshold markings are not required, but sometimes provided, for non−instrument runways that do
not serve international operations.
5.2.4.5 The current U.S. standard for threshold designation is eight stripes, except that more than eight
stripes may be used on runways wider than 45 meters. After 1 January 2008, the U.S. standard will
comply with Annex 14.
5.2.4.6 The width and spacing of threshold stripes will comply with Annex 14 after 1 January 2008.
5.2.4.10 When a threshold is temporarily displaced, there is no requirement that runway or taxiway edge
markings, prior to the displaced threshold, be obscured. These markings are removed only if the
area is unsuitable for the movement of aircraft.
5.2.5.2
5.2.5.3*
Aiming point markings are required on precision instrument runways and code 3 and 4 runways
used by jet aircraft.
5.2.5.4 The aiming point marking commences 306 meters from the threshold at all runways.
5.2.6.3 The U.S. pattern for touchdown zone markings, when installed on both runway ends, is only
applicable to runways longer than 4,990 feet. On shorter runways, the three pair of markings closest
to the runway midpoint are eliminated.
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