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Point For Flights Between
ABBOT Acapulco and Montreal, New York, Toronto, Mexico City and New Orleans.
ALARD New Orleans and Belize, Guatemala, San Pedro Sula, Mexico City and Miami, Tampa.
ARGUS Toronto and Guadalajara, Mexico City, New Orleans and Mexico City.
SWORD Dallas-Fort Worth, New Orleans, Chicago and Cancun, Cozumel, and Central America.
19.3 Mandatory MET Reporting Points Within the Miami FIR
Point For Flights Between
Grand
Turk
New York and Aruba, Curacao, Kingston, Miami and Belem, St. Thomas, Rio de Janeiro, SanPaulo,
St.Croix, Kingston and Bermuda.
GRATX Madrid and Miami, Havana.
MAPYL New York and Guayaquil, Montego Bay, Panama, Lima, Atlanta and San Juan.
RESIN New Orleans and San Juan.
SLAPP New York and Aruba, Curacao, Kingston, Port-au-Prince. Bermuda and Freeport, Nassau. New York
and Barranquilla, Bogota, Santo Domingo, Washington and Santo Domingo, Atlanta and SanJuan.
19.4 Mandatory MET Reporting Points Within the San Juan FIR
Point For Flights Between
GRANN Toronto and Barbados, New York and Fort de France. At intersection of routes A321, A523, G432.
KRAFT San Juan and Buenos Aires, Caracas, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Maarten, San Juan, Kingston and
Bermuda.
PISAX New York and Barbados, Fort de France, Bermuda and Antigua, Barbados.
30 AUG 07
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.5-38
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
TBL GEN 3.5-7
Intensity Ice Accumulation
Trace Ice becomes perceptible. Rate of accumulation slightly greater than rate of sublimation.
Deicing/anti-icing equipment is not utilized unless encountered for an extended period of time (over
1 hour).
Light The rate of accumulation may create a problem if flight is prolonged in this environment (over
1hour). Occasional use of deicing/anti-icing equipment removes/prevents accumulation. It does not
present a problem if the deicing/anti-icing equipment is used.
Moderate The rate of accumulation is such that even short encounters become potentially hazardous and use of
deicing/anti-icing equipment or diversion is necessary.
Severe The rate of accumulation is such that deicing/anti-icing equipment fails to reduce or control the
hazard. Immediate diversion is necessary.
Pilot Report: Aircraft Identification, Location, Time (UTC), Intensity of Type1, Altitude/FL, Aircraft Type, Indicated
Air Speed (IAS), and Outside Air Temperature (OAT)2.
1Rime or Clear Ice: Rime ice is a rough, milky, opaque ice formed by the instantaneous freezing of small supercooled
water droplets. Clear ice is a glossy, clear, or translucent ice formed by the relatively slow freezing of large
supercooled water droplets.
2The Outside Air Temperature (OAT) should be requested by the AFSS/FSS or ATC if not included in the PIREP.
20. PIREPs Relating to Airframe Icing
20.1 The effects of ice accretion on aircraft are:
cumulative-thrust is reduced, drag increases, lift
lessens, weight increases. The results are an increase
in stall speed and a deterioration of aircraft
performance. In extreme cases, 2 to 3 inches of ice
can form on the leading edge of the airfoil in less than
5 minutes. It takes but 1/2 inch of ice to reduce the
lifting power of some aircraft by 50 percent and to
increase the frictional drag by an equal percentage.
20.2 A pilot can expect icing when flying in visible
precipitation, such as rain or cloud droplets, and the
temperature is between +02 and -10 degrees Celsius.
When icing is detected, a pilot should do one of two
things (particularly if the aircraft is not equipped with
deicing equipment). The pilot should get out of the
area of precipitation or go to an altitude where the
temperature is above freezing. This “warmer”
altitude may not always be a lower altitude. Proper
preflight action includes obtaining information on the
freezing level and the above-freezing levels in
precipitation areas. Report the icing to an ATC or FSS
facility, and if operating IFR, request new routing or
altitude if icing will be a hazard. Be sure to give the
type of aircraft to ATC when reporting icing.
TBL GEN 3.5-7, describes how to report icing
conditions.
30 AUG 07
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.5-39
15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
21. Definitions of Inflight Icing Terms
See TBL GEN 3.5-8, Icing Types, and TBL GEN 3.5-9, Icing Conditions.
TBL GEN 3.5-8
Icing Types
Clear Ice See Glaze Ice.
Glaze Ice Ice, sometimes clear and smooth, but usually containing some air pockets, which results in a
lumpy translucent appearance. Glaze ice results from supercooled drops/droplets striking a
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