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10.1.4 ARTCC facilities normally use a Weather and
Radar Processor (WARP) to display a mosaic of data
obtained from multiple NEXRAD sites. There is a
time delay between actual conditions and those
displayed to the controller. For example, the
precipitation data on the ARTCC controller's display
could be up to 6 minutes old. When the WARP is not
available, a second system, the narrowband Air Route
Surveillance Radar (ARSR) can display two distinct
levels of precipitation intensity that will be described
to pilots as “MODERATE” (30 to 40 dBZ) and
“HEAVY TO EXTREME” ( > 40 dBZ ). The WARP
processor is only used in ARTCC facilities.
10.1.5 ATC radar is not able to detect turbulence.
Generally, turbulence can be expected to occur as the
30 AUG 07
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.5-30
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
rate of rainfall or intensity of precipitation increases.
Turbulence associated with greater rates of rainfall/
precipitation will normally be more severe than any
associated with lesser rates of rainfall/precipitation.
Turbulence should be expected to occur near
convective activity, even in clear air. Thunderstorms
are a form of convective activity that imply severe or
greater turbulence. Operation within 20 miles of
thunderstorms should be approached with great
caution, as the severity of turbulence can be markedly
greater than the precipitation intensity might indicate.
10.2 Weather Avoidance Assistance
10.2.1 To the extent possible, controllers will issue
pertinent information of weather or chaff areas and
assist pilots in avoiding such areas if requested. Pilots
should respond to a weather advisory by either
acknowledging the advisory or by acknowledging the
advisory and requesting an alternative course of
action as follows:
10.2.1.1 Request to deviate off course by stating the
number of miles and the direction of the requested
deviation. In this case, when the requested deviation
is approved the pilot is expected to provide his/her
own navigation, to maintain the altitude assigned by
ATC, and to remain within the specified mileage of
his/her original course.
10.2.1.2 Request a new route to avoid the affected
area.
10.2.1.3 Request a change of altitude.
10.2.1.4 Request radar vectors around the affected
areas.
10.2.2 For obvious reasons of safety, an IFR pilot
must not deviate from the course or altitude/flight
level without a proper ATC clearance. When weather
conditions encountered are so severe that an
immediate deviation is determined to be necessary
and time will not permit approval by ATC, the pilot's
emergency authority may be exercised.
10.2.3 When the pilot requests clearance for a route
deviation or for an ATC radar vector, the controller
must evaluate the air traffic picture in the affected
area and coordinate with other controllers (if ATC
jurisdictional boundaries may be crossed) before
replying to the request.
10.2.4 It should be remembered that the controller's
primary function is to provide safe separation
between aircraft. Any additional service, such as
weather avoidance assistance, can only be provided
to the extent that it does not derogate the primary
function. It is also worth noting that the separation
workload is generally greater than normal when
weather disrupts the usual flow of traffic. ATC radar
limitations and frequency congestion may also be
factors in limiting the controller's capability to
provide additional service.
10.2.5 It is very important that the request for
deviation or radar vector be forwarded to ATC as far
in advance as possible. Delay in submitting it may
delay or even preclude ATC approval or require that
additional restrictions be placed on the clearance.
Insofar as possible, the following information should
be furnished to ATC when requesting clearance to
detour around weather activity:
10.2.5.1 Proposed point where detour will
commence.
10.2.5.2 Proposed route and extent of detour
(direction and distance).
10.2.5.3 Point where original route will be resumed.
10.2.5.4 Flight conditions (IFR or VFR).
10.2.5.5 Any further deviation that may become
necessary as the flight progresses.
10.2.5.6 Advise if the aircraft is equipped with
functioning airborne radar.
10.2.6 To a large degree, the assistance that might be
rendered by ATC will depend upon the weather
information available to controllers. Due to the
extremely transitory nature of severe weather
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