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relative humidity, times of sunrise and sunset, surface
and upper air analyses, radar echo charts, and
forecasts of maximum and minimum surface
temperatures.
2.2.5All meteorological offices shown as taking
routine aviation observations also take unscheduled
special aviation observations when meteorological
conditions warrant.
3. Types of Service Provided
3.1Area Forecast Charts (Facsimile Form)
3.1.1The U.S. has one Area Forecast Center, the
National Center for Environmental Predictions
(NCEP), located in Suitland, Maryland. The NCEP
prepares current weather, significant weather,
forecast weather, constant pressure, and tropopause−
vertical wind shear charts for the U.S., the Caribbean
and Northern South America, the North Atlantic, and
the North Pacific areas. The NCEP also prepares a
constant pressure and tropopause−vertical wind shear
chart for Canada.
3.2Local and Regional Aviation Forecasts
(Printed Form)
3.2.1Numerous forecasts and weather advisories are
prepared which serve local and regional areas of the
U.S. These forecasts are generally prepared by the
NWS on a scheduled basis or, as in the case of severe
weather advisories, as needed. These forecasts are
Area Forecast (FA), Airport Forecast (TAF), Severe
Weather Forecast (WW), Hurricane Advisories
(WT), Winds and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FD),
Simplified Surface Analyses (AS), 12− and 24−Hour
Prognoses (FS), and flight advisory notices, such as
SIGMETs (WS), AIRMETs (WA), Center Weather
Advisories (CWA), and Radar Weather Reports (SD).
3.3Preflight Briefing Services
3.3.1Preflight briefing services and flight documentation
are provided through the FAA’s Automated
Flight Service Stations (AFSS).
3.4National Weather Service Aviation Products
3.4.1Weather service to aviation is a joint effort of
the NWS, the FAA, the military weather services, and
other aviation oriented groups and individuals. The
NWS maintains an extensive surface, upper air, and
radar weather observing program and a nationwide
aviation weather forecasting service. The majority of
pilot weather briefings are provided by FAA
personnel at Flight Service Stations (AFSS/FSS).
Surface weather observations are taken by the NWS
and NWS−certified FAA, contract, and supplemental
observers and by automated observing systems. (See
paragraph 7, Weather Observing Programs.)
3.4.2Weather element values may be expressed by
using different measurement systems depending on
several factors including the user of the weather
products; i.e., the general public, aviation interests,
international services, or a combination of these
users. FIG GEN 3.5−1, Weather Elements Conversion
Tables, provides conversion tables for the
weather elements that will be most often encountered
by pilots.
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.5-3
15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
FIG GEN 3.5-1
Weather Elements Conversion Tables
3.5 FAA Weather Services
3.5.1 The FAA maintains a nationwide network of
AFSSs/FSSs to serve the weather needs of pilots. In
addition, NWS meteorologists are assigned to all Air
Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs) as part the
Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU). They provide
advisory service and short-term forecasts (nowcasts)
to support the needs of the FAA and other users of the
national airspace system.
3.5.2 The primary source of preflight weather
briefings is an individual briefing obtained from a
briefer at the AFSS/FSS. These briefings, which are
tailored to your specific flight, are available 24 hours
a day through the use of toll free lines (INWATS).
Numbers for these services can be found in the
Airport/Facility Directory under the “FAA and NWS
Telephone Numbers” section. They are also listed in
the U.S. Government section of your local telephone
directory under Department of Transportation,
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.5-4
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Aviation Administration or Department of
Commerce, National Weather Service. See paragraph
3.7, Preflight Briefing, for the types of
preflight briefings available and the types of
information contained in each.
3.5.3 Other Sources of Weather Information
3.5.3.1 Telephone Information Briefing Service
(TIBS) (AFSS); and in Alaska, Transcribed Weather
Broadcast (TWEB) locations, and telephone access
to the TWEB (TEL-TWEB) provide continuously
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