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406 MHz ELT, SAR forces' normal practice is to wait
for either a confirmation of a 121.5/243.0 MHz alert
by additional satellite passes or through confirmation
of an overdue aircraft or similar notification. In some
cases, this confirmation process can take hours. SAR
forces can initiate a response to 406 MHz alerts in
minutes compared to the potential delay of hours for
a 121.5/243.0 MHz ELT.
7.1.3 The Cospas-Sarsat system has announced the
termination of satellite monitoring and reception of
the 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz frequencies in 2009.
The Cospas-Sarsat system will continue to monitor
the 406 MHz frequency. What this means for pilots is
that after the termination date, those aircraft with only
121.5 MHz or 243.0 MHz ELTs onboard will have to
depend upon either a nearby Air Traffic Control
facility receiving the alert signal or an overflying
aircraft monitoring 121.5 MHz or 243.0MHz
detecting the alert. To ensure adequate monitoring of
these frequencies and timely alerts after 2009, all
airborne pilots should periodically monitor these
frequencies to try and detect an activated
121.5/243.0MHz ELT.
7.2 ELT Testing
7.2.1 ELTs should be tested in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions, preferably in a shielded
or screened room or specially designed test container
to prevent the broadcast of signals which could
trigger a false alert.
7.2.2 When this cannot be done, aircraft operational
testing is authorized as follows:
7.2.2.1 Analog 121.5/243 MHz ELTs should only be
tested during the first 5 minutes after any hour. If
operational tests must be made outside of this period,
they should be coordinated with the nearest FAA
Control Tower or FSS. Tests should be no longer than
three audible sweeps. If the antenna is removable, a
dummy load should be substituted during test
procedures.
7.2.2.2 Digital 406 MHz ELTs should only be tested
in accordance with the unit's manufacturer's
instructions.
7.2.2.3 Airborne tests are not authorized.
7.3 False Alarms
7.3.1 Caution should be exercised to prevent the
inadvertent activation of ELTs in the air or while they
are being handled on the ground. Accidental or
unauthorized activation will generate an emergency
signal that cannot be distinguished from the real
thing, leading to expensive and frustrating searches.
A false ELT signal could also interfere with genuine
emergency transmissions and hinder or prevent the
timely location of crash sites. Frequent false alarms
could also result in complacency and decrease the
vigorous reaction that must be attached to all ELT
signals.
7.3.2 Numerous cases of inadvertent activation have
occurred as a result of aerobatics, hard landings,
movement by ground crews and aircraft maintenance.
These false alarms can be minimized by
monitoring 121.5 MHz and/or 243.0 MHz as follows:
7.3.2.1 In flight when a receiver is available.
7.3.2.2 Before engine shut down at the end of each
flight.
7.3.2.3 When the ELT is handled during installation
or maintenance.
7.3.2.4 When maintenance is being performed near
the ELT.
7.3.2.5 When a ground crew moves the aircraft.
7.3.2.6 If an ELT signal is heard, turn off the
aircraft's ELT to determine if it is transmitting. If it
has been activated, maintenance might be required
before the unit is returned to the “ARMED” position.
You should contact the nearest Air Traffic facility and
notify it of the inadvertent activation.
7.4 Inflight Monitoring and Reporting
7.4.1 Pilots are encouraged to monitor 121.5 MHz
and/or 243.0 MHz while in flight to assist in
identifying possible emergency ELT transmissions.
On receiving a signal, report the following
information to the nearest air traffic facility:
7.4.1.1 Your position at the time the signal was first
heard.
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.6-4
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
7.4.1.2 Your position at the time the signal was last
heard.
7.4.1.3 Your position at maximum signal strength.
7.4.1.4 Your flight altitudes and frequency on which
the emergency signal was heard: 121.5 MHz or
243.0MHz. If possible, positions should be given
relative to a navigation aid. If the aircraft has homing
equipment, provide the bearing to the emergency
signal with each reported position.
8. National Search and Rescue Plan
8.1 By federal interagency agreement, the National
Search and Rescue Plan provides for the effective use
of all available facilities in all types of SAR missions.
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