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decided advantages over the informal procedure
described above.
11.2Distress and urgency communications procedures
discussed in the following paragraphs relate to
the use of air−ground voice communications.
11.3The initial communication, and if considered
necessary, any subsequent transmissions by an
aircraft in distress should begin with the signal
MAYDAY, preferably repeated three times. The
signal PAN−PAN should be used in the same manner
for an urgency condition.
11.4Distress communications have absolute priority
over all other communications, and the word
MAYDAY commands radio silence on the frequency
in use. Urgency communications have priority over
all other communications except distress, and the
word PAN−PAN warns other stations not to interfere
with urgency transmissions.
11.5Normally, the station addressed will be the air
traffic facility or other agency providing air traffic
services on the frequency in use at the time. If the pilot
is not communicating and receiving services, the
station to be called will normally be the air traffic
facility or other agency in whose area of responsibility
the aircraft is operating on the appropriate
assigned frequency. If the station addressed does not
respond, or if time or the situation dictates, the
distress or urgency message may be broadcast, or a
collect call may be used, addressing Any Station
(Tower) (Radio) (Radar)."
11.6The station addressed should immediately
acknowledge a distress or urgency message, provide
assistance, coordinate and direct the activities of
assisting facilities, and alert the appropriate search
and rescue coordinator if warranted. Responsibility
will be transferred to another station only if better
handling will result.
11.7All other stations, aircraft and ground, will
continue to listen until it is evident that assistance is
being provided. If any station becomes aware that the
station being called either has not received a distress
or urgency message, or cannot communicate with the
aircraft in difficulty, it will attempt to contact the
aircraft and provide assistance.
11.8Although the frequency in use or other
frequencies assigned by ATC are preferable, the
following emergency frequencies can be used for
distress or urgency communications, if necessary or
desirable:
11.8.1121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz − Both have a
range generally limited to line of sight. 121.5 MHz is
guarded by direction finding stations and some
military and civil aircraft. 243.0 MHz is guarded by
military aircraft. Both 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz are
guarded by military towers, most civil towers, flight
service stations, and radar facilities. Normally
ARTCC emergency frequency capability does not
extend to radar coverage limits. If an ARTCC does
not respond when called on 121.5 MHz or
243.0MHz, call the nearest tower or flight service
station.
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.6−13
15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
11.8.22182 kHz − The range is generally less than
300 miles for the average aircraft installation. It can
be used to request assistance from stations in the
maritime service. 2182 kHz is guarded by major radio
stations serving Coast Guard Rescue Coordination
Centers, and Coast Guard units along the sea coasts
of the U.S. and shores of the Great Lakes. The call
Coast Guard" will alert all Coast Guard Radio
Stations within range. 2182 kHz is also guarded by
most commercial coast stations and some ships and
boats.
12. Emergency Condition − Request
Assistance Immediately
12.1Pilots do not hesitate to declare an emergency
when they are faced with distress conditions such as
fire, mechanical failure, or structural damage.
However, some are reluctant to report an urgency
condition when they encounter situations which may
not be immediately perilous, but are potentially
catastrophic. An aircraft is in at least an urgency
condition the moment the pilot becomes doubtful
about position, fuel endurance, weather, or any other
condition that could adversely affect flight safety.
This is the time to ask for help, not after the situation
has developed into a distress condition.
12.2Pilots who become apprehensive for their
safety for any reason should request assistance
immediately. Ready and willing help is available in
the form of radio, radar, direction finding stations and
other aircraft. Delay has caused accidents and cost
lives. Safety is not a luxury. Take action.
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