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United States of America
GEN 3.5-43
15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
FIG GEN 3.5-8
Evolution of a Microburst
-5 in -2 in 5 in 10 in
HEIGHT (feet)
10,000
5,000
WIND SPEED
10-20 nots
20 nots
SCALE (miles)
0 1 2 3
Vertical cross section of the evolution of a microburst wind field. T is the time of initial divergence at
the surface. The shading refers to the vector wind speeds. Figure adapted from Wilson et al., 1984,
Microburst Wind Structure and Evaluation of Doppler Radar for Wind Shear Detection, DOT/FAA
Report No. DOT/FAA/PM-84/29, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 37 pp.
25.4.4 Duration. An individual microburst will
seldom last longer than 15 minutes from the time it
strikes the ground until dissipation. The horizontal
winds continue to increase during the first 5 minutes
with the maximum intensity winds lasting approximately
2-4 minutes. Sometimes microbursts are
concentrated into a line structure and, under these
conditions, activity may continue for as long as
1hour. Once microburst activity starts, multiple
microbursts in the same general area are not
uncommon and should be expected.
30 AUG 07
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.5-44
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
FIG GEN 3.5-9
Microburst Encounter During Takeoff
NOTEA
microburst encounter during takeoff. The airplane first encounters a headwind and experiences increasing performance
(1), this is followed in short succession by a decreasing headwind component (2), a downdraft (3), and finally a strong
tailwind (4), where 2 through 5 all result in decreasing performance of the airplane. Position (5) represents an extreme
situation just prior to impact. Figure courtesy of Walter Frost, FWG Associates, Inc., Tullahoma, Tennessee.
25.5 Microburst wind shear may create a severe
hazard for aircraft within 1,000 feet of the ground,
particularly during the approach to landing and
landing and take-off phases. The impact of a
microburst on aircraft which have the unfortunate
experience of penetrating one is characterized in
FIG GEN 3.5-9. The aircraft may encounter a
headwind (performance increasing), followed by a
downdraft and a tailwind (both performance
decreasing), possibly resulting in terrain impact.
30 AUG 07
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.5-45
15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
FIG GEN 3.5-10
25.6 Detection of Microbursts, Wind Shear, and
Gust Fronts
25.6.1 FAA's Integrated Wind Shear Detection
Plan
25.6.1.1 The FAA currently employs an integrated
plan for wind shear detection that will significantly
improve both the safety and capacity of the majority
of the airports currently served by the air carriers.
This plan integrates several programs, such as the
Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS),
Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR), Weather
System Processor (WSP), and Low Level Wind Shear
Alert Systems (LLWAS) into a single strategic
concept that significantly improves the aviation
weather information in the terminal area.
(See FIG GEN 3.5-10.)
25.6.1.2 The wind shear/microburst information and
warnings are displayed on the ribbon display
terminal (RBDT) located in the tower cabs. They are
identical (and standardized) to those in the LLWAS,
TDWR and WSP systems, and designed so that the
controller does not need to interpret the data, but
simply read the displayed information to the pilot.
The RBDTs are constantly monitored by the
controller to ensure the rapid and timely dissemination
of any hazardous event(s) to the pilot.
30 AUG 07
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.5-46
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
FIG GEN 3.5-11
25.6.1.3 The early detection of a wind shear/microburst
event, and the subsequent warning(s) issued to
an aircraft on approach or departure, will alert the
pilot/crew to the potential of, and to be prepared for,
a situation that could become very dangerous!
Without these warnings, the aircraft may NOT be able
to climb out of or safely transition the event, resulting
in a catastrophe. The air carriers, working with the
FAA, have developed specialized training programs
using their simulators to train and prepare their pilots
on the demanding aircraft procedures required to
escape these very dangerous wind shear and/or
microburst encounters.
25.6.1.4 Low Level Wind Shear Alert System
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