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30.3.8.1 Intensity applies only to the first type of
precipitation reported. A “-” denotes light, no symbol
denotes moderate, and a “+” denotes heavy.
30.3.8.2 Proximity applies to and is reported only
for weather occurring in the vicinity of the airport
(between 5 and 10 miles of the point(s) of
observation). It is denoted by the letters “VC.”
(Intensity and “VC” will not appear together in the
weather group.)
30.3.8.3 Descriptor. These eight descriptors apply
to the precipitation or obstructions to visibility:
TS thunderstorm
DR low drifting
SH showers
MI shallow
FZ freezing
BC patches
BL blowing
PR partial
NOTEAlthough
“TS” and “SH” are used with precipitation and
may be preceded with an intensity symbol, the intensity still
applies to the precipitation not the descriptor.
30.3.8.4 Precipitation. There are nine types of
precipitation in the METAR code:
RA rain
DZ drizzle
SN snow
GR hail (1/4 or greater)
GS small hail/snow pellets
PL ice pellets
SG snow grains
IC ice crystals
UP unknown precipitation (automated
stations only)
EXAMPLETSRA
thunderstorm with moderate rain
+SN heavy snow
-RA FG light rain and fog
BRHZ mist and haze (visibility 5/8 mile or
greater)
FZDZ freezing drizzle
VCSH rain shower in the vicinity
+SHRASNPL heavy rain showers, snow, ice pellets
(Intensity indicator refers to the
predominant rain.)
30 AUG 07
AIP
United States of America
GEN 3.5-63
15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
30.3.8.5 Obstructions to Visibility. Obscurations
are any phenomena in the atmosphere, other than
precipitation, that reduce horizontal visibility. There
are eight types of obscuration phenomena in the
METAR code:
FG fog (visibility less than 5/8 mile)
HZ haze
FU smoke
PY spray
BR mist (visibility 5/8-6 miles)
SA sand
DU dust
VA volcanic ash
NOTEFog
(FG) is observed or forecast only when the visibility is
less than 5/8 mile. Otherwise, mist (BR) is observed or
forecast.
30.3.8.6 Other. There are five categories of other
weather phenomena which are reported when they
occur:
SQ squall
SS sandstorm
DS duststorm
PO dust/sand whirls
FC
+FC
funnel cloud
tornado/waterspout
30.3.9 Sky Condition. In METAR, sky condition is
reported in the format:
Amount / Height / (Type) or Indefinite Ceiling /
Height
30.3.9.1 Amount. The amount of sky cover is
reported in eighths of sky cover, using contractions:
SKC clear (no clouds)
FEW >0/8 to 2/8 cloud cover
SCT scattered (3/8 to 4/8 cloud cover)
BKN broken (5/8 to 7/8 cloud cover)
OVC overcast (8/8 cloud cover)
CB cumulonimbus when present
TCU towering cumulus when present
NOTE-
1. “SKC” will be reported at manual stations. “CLR” will
be used at automated stations when no clouds below
12,000 feet are reported.
2. A ceiling layer is not designated in the METAR code.
For aviation purposes, the ceiling is the lowest broken or
overcast layer, or vertical visibility into obscuration. Also,
there is no provision for reporting thin layers in the METAR
code. When clouds are thin, that layer shall be reported as
if it were opaque.
30.3.9.2 Height. Cloud bases are reported with
three digits in hundreds of feet. (Clouds above 12,000
feet cannot be reported by an automated station.)
30.3.9.3 Type. If towering cumulus clouds (TCU)
or cumulonimbus clouds (CB) are present, they are
reported after the height which represents their base.
EXAMPLESCT025TCU
BKN080 BKN250 - “two thousand five
hundred scattered towering cumulus, ceiling eight
thousand broken, two five thousand broken.”
SCT008 OVC012CB - “eight hundred scattered ceiling
one thousand two hundred overcast cumulonimbus
clouds.”
30.3.9.4 Vertical Visibility (indefinite ceiling
height). The height into an indefinite ceiling is
preceded by “VV” and followed by three digits
indicating the vertical visibility in hundreds of feet.
This layer indicates total obscuration.
EXAMPLE-
1/8 SM FG VV006 - visibility one eighth, fog, indefinite
ceiling six hundred.
30.3.9.5 Obscurations are reported when the sky is
partially obscured by a ground-based phenomena by
indicating the amount of obscuration as FEW, SCT,
BKN followed by three zeros (000). In remarks, the
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