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VFR Approaches
VFR approaches are provided as a pilot aid only, and should not be
used in IMC. VFR approaches differ from other FMS approaches in
two important respects
1. Since VFR approaches may be programmed at locations where
reliable VOR and DME are not available, long-range navigation
sensors (e.g., GPS, Loran, Omega, and Inertial) are not
automatically de-selected for a VFR approach.
2. Since the FMS may be dependent on long-range sensors for the
VFR approach, the systems accuracy standards will be relaxed
for these approaches. On VFR approaches a “Q” of 28 is
allowed before flagging occurs.
In some cases, especially when using GPS, it should be noted that
VFR-type approaches are actually more accurate than some VOR
and RNAV approaches. This accuracy improvement will be noted in
areas where multiple navigation sensor inputs are available to the
FMS. IFR approaches should not be defined as VFR-type
approaches in an attempt to take advantage of potential
accuracy improvements. Defining an approach as VFR will
diminish the systems integrity (i.e., its capability of providing suitable
warning for out-of-tolerance conditions).
Section V
Operations
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Approach Procedures
NAV Approach Page 1
NAV APPR 1/3 is the first NAV page displayed when the FMS
Approach mode is activated. The Approach mode is activated from
NAV page 1 by selecting the ACT APPR option when within 50 NM
of the destination. NAV approach pages 2 and 3 present the same
information as do NAV pages 1 and 2, respectively, when not in the
Approach mode.
Section V
Operations
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Arm Approach Mode
When the aircraft is within 50 nm of the runway (direct distance, not
along flight plan path), the ARM APPR line select key will become
available, and the approach can be armed. When pressed, the key
name will change to ACT APPR (see below). The VHF receiver will
then be tuned to the VOR or ILS frequency defined in the approach if
Remote Tune is enabled (programmed into the Configuration
Module at installation) and is applicable to the particular installation.
If the ARM APPR key has not been pressed by the time the aircraft
reaches 30 nm from the destination, the system will automatically
ARM the approach. The XTK will display a (T) to indicate that the
HSI sensitivity is 1 mile full scale deflection and ARM APPR will
change to ACT APPR. When remote tune is available, the ARM
APPR prompt changes to TUNE APPR if the appropriate VOR or ILS
frequency is not tuned. Pressing this prompt tunes the VHF receiver.
NOTE: If an ILS approach is linked into the Flight Plan, but the
FMS is not configured for advanced EFIS, then ARM
APPR will not appear. The FMS will fly all approach
transitions up to FAF, but prior to that point the pilot should
transition his navigation source and FGS mode to ILS
guidance.
Sensors (OSS, LCS and non TSO C-129 GPS) which cannot meet
the Terminal or Approach accuracy criteria are automatically
deselected for VOR, RNV, GPS, NDB and TACAN approaches. If
available, IRS(s) will remain selected during all approaches for
position smoothing computations. Loss of required primary sensors
(e.g. VOR, DME or TACAN) will invalidate the approach (unless a
qualified GPS is being used--see above discussion on GPS
approaches).
If the pilot takes no further action (i.e., does not press ACT APPR),
then the entire approach procedure including DME arcs, procedure
turns, etc. will be flown. Upon sequencing through the Approach
label (e.g., *RNV 11L*) in the flight plan and maneuvering inbound to
the final approach course, the FMS will automatically sequence to
the ACTIVE APPR mode.
At any time, if a DTO is performed to a waypoint in the approach,
and the approach was previously armed, then the approach will
automatically activate.
Section V
Operations
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Change 1
Activate Approach Mode
If desired, the approach can be manually activated by pressing the
ACT APPR option on NAV page 1. When this action is taken all
intervening waypoints from the present FR-TO leg to the first
approach waypoint will be sequenced, and HSI guidance will be to
that waypoint. Desired track pointer will be set to the inbound
course of the approach. The FMS will transition to FHDG mode (see
Note), and the pilot must manually set up the correct approach
intercept angle. Normally this will coincide with radar vectors given
by ATC.
NOTE: Some aircraft may be configured to skip auto-activation of
heading mode at manual approach activation. In this case
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