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In the third scenario V/S LOW, the TGT V/S entry results in a
descent rate where the path will not intercept the waypoint at the
desired altitude. When the TGT V/S entry is too low, the TGT V/S
value will blink and a message will be displayed at the top of the
page. In the figure, notice that the descent angle as indicated by
V/S LOW falls behind the present position of the airplane. The FMS
is designed to execute a smooth transition to the downward pitch
angle when the top of descent is reached. If the position of the
airplane is already past the top of descent (as indicated in the figure)
a rapid downward pitch angle with a descent rate exceeding the
entered TGT V/S would be required. The FMS is designed to
prevent this from occurring and will not allow the descent rate to
exceed the commanded TGT V/S that has been entered by the pilot.
Section V
Operations
5-62 2423sv602
Change 1
To summarize, TGT V/S must be greater than its lower limit (i.e.,
displayed VSR) and less than its upper limit (defined as roughly 10
times GS for aircraft, and 16 times GS for rotorcraft). Maximum
Flight Path Angle is configured at the time of installation.
The FMS also implements a pitch change anticipation function so
that the vertical speed is increased gradually until the desired TGT
V/S value is reached. This avoids a rapid pitch down to achieve the
TGT V/S. To do this, the FMS will calculate a transition and will add
it to the distance needed to reach the vertical waypoint. As a rule of
thumb, the TGT V/S entry to the first vertical waypoint should exceed
the minimum VSR by a small amount. If this minimum value is not
exceeded the FMS may compute a top of descent behind the
present position (due to the transition distance) and the TGT V/S
entry will blink. The minimum VSR value is truncated so using a
TGT V/S entry that exceeds it slightly will avoid a situation where the
TGT V/S is too low by tenths of FPM. If this situation does occur,
the TGT V/S entry will blink and a TGT V/S value that is slightly
higher should be keyed in.
VNAV Cruise
The VNAV Cruise page will be accessed whenever the VNAV
function key is pressed while in the Inactive or Cruise mode. This
page is used to define the vertical flight profile and will be active prior
to intercepting the vertical flight path (at which time the VNAV
Descent page becomes active).
Section V
Operations
2423sv602 5-63
Change 1
TO TOD xx.x NM - The distance remaining, in nautical miles, from
the aircraft's present position to the "Top-Of-Descent" (TOD)
location. The TOD location is based upon present groundspeed,
present altitude, the altitude for the TO vertical waypoint location,
and the "Target Vertical Speed" (TGT V/S) the pilot has entered for
the descent.
TGT V/S [1R] - Target Vertical Speed. This manual entry of desired
descent rate, in feet per minute, is used for computing the vertical
flight path to the "TO" VNAV waypoint. The entry field is prefilled
with dashes until the pilot enters a value or until the aircraft reaches
the first vertical waypoint (at which point the waypoints are
sequenced, the Descent mode is activated, and the VNAV Descent
page becomes active). A manual leg change or direct-to operation
along the lateral flight path which causes the TO VNAV waypoint to
be bypassed will cause the TGT V/S to become invalid. VNAV will
remain in the Inactive mode until the TO vertical waypoint is defined
and either a valid Target Vertical Speed is entered or VTO is
selected (which activates the Descent mode and the VNAV Descent
page). The maximum Target V/S which can be entered is that which
results in a Flight Path Angle (FPA) which does not exceed the
maximum which is programmed into the Configuration Module at the
time of installation, and is based upon current groundspeed
(maximum configurable is 9.9°). The max target V/S in feet per
minute is approximately 10 times groundspeed (knots) for fixed wing,
and 16 times groundspeed for rotorcraft. As a rule of thumb, a 3°
FPA will result in smooth descents, and can be computed as
approximately 5 times groundspeed (e.g., at 400 knots, use 400 X 5
= 2000 fpm). Flight Path Angle is computed and displayed below
Target V/S.
If a TGT V/S is entered which exceeds the max allowable, then the
entry will flash and not be accepted, and a message will be
presented to the pilot. Similarly, TGT V/S will not be accepted if
there is insufficient time to descend to the vertical waypoint or if
crosstrack is greater than 12 nm.
Section V
Operations
5-64 2423sv602
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