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providing radar vectors to ensure that you are in good position to make the approach to the
active or requested runway. In the real world, depending on traffic flow, approach control
may vector you off the published arrival prior to crossing all of the published fixes.
THIS WOULD NOT BE AN UNUSUAL SITUATION.
Radar Contact will handle your arrivals quite realistically, and during times of peak demand
you may start getting “early vectors” for sequencing, so do not panic!
LENDY
Radar Contact Flight Planning
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 96
Now that the departure and arrival are planned, we need to check what the most efficient
routing would be to connect the two ends. Since this is a short flight, it works out that Jet
Route 64 will connect Hector VOR to CIVET intersection.
Saving the route and exporting to FS200x .pln format is done in the same manner as our first
flight. The challenge now is to fly the route exactly as planned and as published. Just like the
real world, the Radar Contact controllers will expect you to know how to fly the procedures
you have planned and filed, and if you do not, you may get a visit from the Flight Standards
District Office upon arrival!
Altitude planning may vary greatly based on such things as forecast winds aloft, aircraft
weight, ATC traffic constraints, and possible operational restrictions on the aircraft due to
inoperative components. Since our flight is short, we will only plan to cruise at 28,000 feet or
FL280.
How do I know which altitude to fly for my direction of flight? Good question! The answer
depends on whether you file RVSM. Let‟s see what table 3-3-1 from the Aeronautical
Information Manual has to say.
STAR Begins
Here
DP Ends Here
Radar Contact Flight Planning
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 97
If your magnetic
course (ground track)
is:
And you are below
18,000 feet MSL, fly:
And you are at or
above 18,000 feet
MSL but below FL
290, fly:
And you are at or
above FL 290, fly
4,000 foot intervals:
0° to 179° Odd thousands MSL
(3,000; 5,000; 7,000,
etc.)
Odd Flight Levels
(FL 190; 210; 230,
etc.)
Beginning at FL 290
(FL 290; 330; 370,
etc.)
180° to 359° Even thousands MSL
(2,000; 4,000; 6,000,
etc.)
Even Flight Levels
(FL 180; 200; 220,
etc.)
Beginning at FL 310
(FL 310; 350; 390,
etc.)
The table shown above pertains to Non-RVSM. Though RVSM was implemented in the
United States early 2005 (Europe‟s been RVSM for some time now), some countries do still
subscribe to Non-RVSM.
Remember, RVSM gives you six new legal FLs (Flight Levels) to use for cruise altitude.
They are FL300, 320, 340, 360, 380 and 400. Cruising at FL410, separation minima below is
now 1000ft. Above remains 2000ft.
The following table shows RVSM and Non-RVSM changes regarding correct altitude for
direction of flight, and separation minima:
Radar Contact Flight Planning
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 98
Additional information for USA RVSM may be found here:
http://www.faa.gov/ats/ato/rvsm1.htm
European users may find additional information here:
http://www.ecacnav.com/rvsm/default.htm
Fuel planning for general aviation IFR and air carrier IFR is actually quite similar. The
regulations that govern each type of operation essentially say the exact same thing.
For general aviation, FAR 91.167 says you must plan enough fuel to fly from your departure
airport to your destination airport, fly to your alternate airport (if required), and then be able
to fly for another 45 minutes at normal cruise speed.
For airlines operating under domestic rules, FAR 121.639 says you must plan enough fuel to
fly from your departure airport to your destination airport, fly to your MOST DISTANT
alternate (if required, and if more than one alternate is planned), and then be able to fly for
another 45 minutes at normal cruise speed.
Our Boeing 737 burns right about 5.000 pounds of fuel per hour so a sample fuel summary for
our flight from KLAS to KLAX may look something like this:
KLAS
KLAX 5.106 FL280 Enroute burn and flight level
KONT 2.310 Fuel burn from missed approach to the alternate
RSV 4.000 45 Minute IFR Reserve
HOLD 2.500 Fuel designated for anticipated holding
XTRA 1.200 Fuel to cover last minute weight changes
TAXI 0.450 Fuel to taxi
TOTAL 15.566 15.600 Minimum fuel required for flight (rounded up)
This now brings us to the last item we need to consider for our flight - the alternate. How do
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