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you wait until 40 miles out to begin your descent you will be told to start a descending 360
degree turn until you are at the right altitude, or you will be given a series of vectors until you
have met your crossing restriction altitude.
Controllers, not FMCs, determine when initial descents are started but those using FMCs will
like this! While at cruise altitude and when you get your 1st descent clearance you will notice
the menu item “3-PD”. Use this feature to request a “Pilot‟s Discretion Descent”. The RC
controller will approve or deny this request depending on varying circumstances.
Use wise judgment in making the call when to start down! If approved, RC will not issue the
“expect” clearances for crossing restrictions that normally come on Low‟s frequency, but you
can bet some sort of restriction will be given.
IMPORTANT NOTE – Your co-pilot will always acknowledge any clearance to
descend from cruise, thus forcing you to begin descent. If you wish to use this feature,
be sure you are doing the talking.
Many such questions and topics are regularly discussed on our AVSIM forum
(www.avsim.com). If you prefer, email doug@jdtllc.com directly. Where possible, these
emails will be addressed individually. If Doug directs you to the forum, do not be shy. There
is a reason, most likely that many can learn from this topic. The only silly question is the
question not asked.
Crossing Restrictions
If your destination airport has an Approach Controller, expect a crossing restriction.
Depending on several factors, you will hear one of these two types of restrictions:
“…cross four zero miles from XXX at (altitude), two five zero knots (if
applicable)…”
“…descend and maintain” (altitude). Start down now, please. I need you level in
thirty miles or less.” (Thank you Mr. Larry Holcomb, retired KORD management.)
Radar Contact ATC Basics
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 49
As you will see on your Menu Display, you have the option to accept or deny these
restrictions. If you acknowledge the restriction, you bought it. Meet it. If you choose
“Unable”, the controller will issue alternate instructions.
IMPORTANT NOTE – Your co-pilot is a very accommodating individual. The copilot
will always acknowledge any crossing restriction. Once a restriction is
acknowledged, there is no turning back. There is no “I Changed My Mind”. If you
see you are too high to realistically meet the crossing restriction you know is coming,
take those comms back beforehand. Crossing restrictions are usually issued at
approximately 30 miles from your final checkpoint, or 70 miles from your destination
airport.
Near-side / Far-side Crossing Restrictions
Traffic management is always looking for better, more efficient ways to expedite a traffic
flow. Implementing the “Near-side / Far-side” concept does that in crossing restrictions. It
can benefit you, the user, by allowing you to stay higher-faster under certain circumstances,
than what was once considered standard.
If filed aircraft type is Jet or Heavy, expect your crossing altitudes to be either 11,000 or
12,000. If you are assigned 11,000, the 250kt speed restriction will come with it. No speed
restriction is issued with the 12,000 altitude. Keep it rolling if you wish, remembering that at
some point the Approach controller will clear you below the 250kt altitude, by which time you
must be at or slower than 250kts!
Now, what determines Near-side / Far-side. It’s dependent on which direction you are
approaching the airport, and which runway is being used.
Example: Your destination airport is KATL with the active landing runway being 09R (an
east/west rwy). Picture two halves, east/west halves, split by the ATL 360° and 180° radials.
Flights approaching the KATL area from the east (inbound on any of the ATL radials 360°
clockwise to the 179°) would be considered Far-side (or Long-side).
Flights approaching the KATL area from the west (inbound on any of the ATL radials 180°
clockwise to the 359°) would be considered Near-side (or Short-side).
Picturing this, you can see where if you are approaching the KATL area from the west with an
active rwy 09R, you will be flying a shorter distance to the threshold once in Approach
airspace than if you were approaching from the east, the opposite side of the field. With
Near-side, the Approach controller has less time to get you down to the MSA, less time to get
you sequenced etc. Thus, Near-side he wants you lower and slower than had you come from
the Far-side.
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