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High Altitude VOR
High Altitude VOR provides reception from 1,000 AGL up to and including 14,500 AGL at a
radial distance of 40 nautical miles, from 14,500 up to and including 60,000 feet AGL at a
radial distance of 100 nautical miles, and from 18,000 AGL up to and including 45,000 AGL
at radial distances of 130 nautical miles.
Radar Contact Flight Planning
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VOR/DME
A VOR/DME is a VOR with Distance Measuring Equipment.
VORTAC
A VORTAC is a VOR co-located with TACAN Equipment.
Non-Directional Beacon - NDB
Normal frequency of operation is from 190 to 535 kHz. The NDB is used far less often than
the VOR for enroute navigation and even less for terminal instrument approaches. However,
it is worth knowing that these NAVAIDs also have specific service volumes for flight
planning purposes.
The four types of service volumes for NDBs are:
Class Radial Distance
Compass Locator 15 Nautical Miles
Medium High – MH 25 Nautical Miles
High – H 50 Nautical Miles
High High – HH 75 Nautical Miles
Compass Locators may be used in conjunction with and co-located with the markers on an
ILS approach and will be noted on the chart. An example would be LOM for Compass
Locator at the Outer Marker.
Airways
Airways are commonly referred to as the “highways in the sky”. In the United States, there
are two types of airways - low altitude (Victor airways) and high altitude (Jet routes).
Low Altitude Airways
Victor Airways consist of airways from 1,200 feet AGL (or as designated) up to but not
including 18,000 feet MSL. Low altitude airways may be identified on a chart by a “V”
followed by the number (V15).
High Altitude Airways
Jet Routes consist of airways from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including 45,000 feet MSL
(FL180-450). High altitude airways may be identified on a chart by a “J” followed by the
number (J80).
Airway Width
In order to be considered “on the airway” a pilot must remain within four nautical miles either
side of the airway centerline.
Changeover Point
Changeover points are normally at the midpoint between two NAVAIDs unless noted
otherwise on an enroute navigation chart. When a changeover point is not at the midpoint,
mileage information will be depicted.
Radar Contact Flight Planning
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 68
Planning –With FS Navigator and FSBuild
Now you can begin constructing a flight plan. Your first route will utilize VORs and Victor
Airways only, and will be suitable for a typical general aviation single engine aircraft such as
the default Cessna 172.
Your route of flight will be from Griffith-Merrillville (05C) to Lafayette/Purdue University
airport (KLAF) with the routing as follows: 05C direct to Chicago Heights VOR (CGT),
Victor Airway 7 to Boiler VOR (BVT) direct to KLAF.
This route would appear on an air traffic control flight plan strip in the following format:
05C..CGT.V7.BVT..KLAF
Two dots signify direct routing between two points, and a single dot signifies routing via a
published airway or fix. If you plan a fix after a fix, use two dots. If you plan a route after a
fix, use one dot.
Radar Contact Flight Planning
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 69
FS Navigator
Start up Flight Simulator and then bring up FSNavigator using the F9 key. You will then see
a map similar to the following screen.
Ensure that the ID check box is selected in the upper left hand corner. This allows a search by
identifier. Type in 05C and then enter. The search results will come back with Griffith-
Merrillville airport as shown below.
Radar Contact Flight Planning
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Right mouse click on the highlighted airport. This will bring up a menu to allow to you send
the selected airport to the flight plan.
Our first NAVAID waypoint along the route is Chicago Heights VOR. Do an ID search for
CGT and send it over to the flight plan.
Chicago Heights VOR is a Low Altitude VOR with a service volume of 40 nautical miles. At
a charted distance of only 7.7 NM, this is well within the reception range.
The next NAVAID along the route is Boiler VOR. Do an ID search for BVT and send it over
to the flight plan.
Radar Contact Flight Planning
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 71
Boiler VOR is a high altitude VOR. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, high altitude VORs
have a service volume of 40 nautical miles radial distance from 1,000 to 14,500. At a cruise
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