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either the surface or a designated altitude to the overlying or adjacent controlled
airspace. When designated as a surface area, the airspace will be configured to
contain all instrument procedures. Also in this class are Federal airways, airspace
beginning at either 700 or 1,200 feet AGL used to transition to/from the terminal or
enroute environment, enroute domestic, and offshore airspace areas designated below
18,000 feet MSL. Unless designated at a lower altitude, Class E airspace begins at
14,500 MSL over the United States, including that airspace overlying the waters
within 12 nautical miles of the coast of the 48 contiguous States and Alaska, up to, but
not including 18,000 feet MSL, and the airspace above FL 600.
Radar Contact Glossary
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 282
CROSS (FIX) AT (ALTITUDE)- Used by ATC when a specific altitude restriction at a
specified fix is required.
Radar Contact – commonly issued by center before handoff to Approach.
CROSS (FIX) AT OR ABOVE (ALTITUDE)- Used by ATC when an altitude restriction at
a specified fix is required. It does not prohibit the aircraft from crossing the fix at a higher
altitude than specified; however, the higher altitude may not be one that will violate a
succeeding altitude restriction or altitude assignment.
CROSS (FIX) AT OR BELOW (ALTITUDE)- Used by ATC when a maximum crossing
altitude at a specific fix is required. It does not prohibit the aircraft from crossing the fix at a
lower altitude; however, it must be at or above the minimum IFR altitude.
DEVIATIONS- A departure from a current clearance, such as an off course maneuver to
avoid weather or turbulence.
DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME)- Equipment (airborne and ground) used
to measure, in nautical miles, the slant range distance of an aircraft from the DME
navigational aid.
DIRECT- Straight line flight between two navigational aids, fixes, points, or any
combination thereof. When used by pilots in describing off-airway routes, points defining
direct route segments become compulsory reporting points unless the aircraft is under radar
contact.
DIVERSION- Flights that are required to land at other than their original destination for
reasons beyond the control of the pilot/company, e.g., periods of significant weather.
EXPECT FURTHER CLEARANCE (TIME)- The time a pilot can expect to receive
clearance beyond a clearance limit.
EXPEDITE- Used by ATC when prompt compliance is required to avoid the development of
an imminent situation. Expedite climb/descent normally indicates to a pilot that the
approximate best rate of climb/descent should be used without requiring an exceptional
change in aircraft handling characteristics.
FLIGHT LEVEL- A level of constant atmospheric pressure related to a reference datum of
29.92 inches of mercury. Each is stated in three digits that represent hundreds of feet. For
example, flight level (FL) 250 represents a barometric altimeter indication of 25,000 feet; FL
255, an indication of 25,500 feet.
FLIGHT STANDARDS DISTRICT OFFICE- An FAA field office serving an assigned
geographical area and staffed with Flight Standards personnel who serve the aviation industry
and the general public on matters relating to the certification and operation of air carrier and
general aviation aircraft. Activities include general surveillance of operational safety,
certification of airmen and aircraft, accident prevention, investigation, enforcement, etc.
Radar Contact - Where Bill Stevens works ;-)
Radar Contact Glossary
Version 4 December 2, 2007
Copyright JDT LLC 2005 Page 283
FUEL REMAINING- A phrase used by either pilots or controllers when relating to the fuel
remaining on board until actual fuel exhaustion. When transmitting such information in
response to either a controller question or pilot initiated cautionary advisory to air traffic
control, pilots will state the APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF MINUTES the flight can
continue with the fuel remaining. All reserve fuel SHOULD BE INCLUDED in the time
stated, as should an allowance for established fuel gauge system error.
GO AROUND- Instructions for a pilot to abandon his/her approach to landing. Additional
instructions may follow. Unless otherwise advised by ATC, a VFR aircraft or an aircraft
conducting visual approach should over fly the runway while climbing to traffic pattern
altitude and enter the traffic pattern via the crosswind leg. A pilot on an IFR flight plan
making an instrument approach should execute the published missed approach procedure or
proceed as instructed by ATC; e.g., "Go around" (additional instructions if required).
HIGH SPEED TAXIWAY- A long radius taxiway designed and provided with lighting or
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