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time, the following main dimensional characteristics of the “design aircraft” was adopted.
• Aircraft Length : 85 meters
• Aircraft Wingspan : 84 meters
• Tail Height : 25 meters
The geometry of the two runways and major taxiways was designed to accommodate
the operation of NLA. Most of the front stands were designed for aircraft of the dimensions
of the B747-400. However, five frontal stands along the eastern side of the Northwest
Concourse were specifically dimensioned to accommodate NLA. The twenty one stands on
the cargo apron together with their taxi lane have clearances sufficient to accommodate
B747-400s or Code E aircraft operations. Of these stands, two were earmarked for future
expansion to accommodate A380 aircraft.
In 2004, with the finalization of the A380 aircraft design, the Airport Authority Hong
Kong (AAHK) undertook a detailed airport compatibility study with respect to the aerodrome
licensing requirements for Aerodrome Reference Code 4F aircraft. The objective of the study
was to determine whether HKIA and its facilities could accommodate the A380, as well as
future derivations of the A380 or other Code F aircraft. It also defined the changes that
AAHK must complete in order to upgrade the current Aerodrome License from an
Aerodrome Reference Code 4E to Code 4F.
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2. COMPATIBILITY STUDY
2.1 A380 description and performance
The A380 is a subsonic, long range, high capacity civil transport aircraft. Table 1
shows the dimensions of the A380 compared to the B747-400, the largest existing aircraft
operating in HKIA, and the Master Plan Design Aircraft, the New Large Aircraft (NLA).
Currently the longest aircraft operating at HKIA is the A340-600, with a length of 75.4
meters.
Table 1
Comparison of Aircraft Dimensions
Item A380-800 B747-400 NLA
Wingspan 79.6m 65m 84m
Length 72.7m 71m 85m
Tail Height 24.1m 19m 25m
Max. Take off Weight
(MTOW) 560t Pax/590t F 395t 590t
Outer Gear Wheel Span 14.3 m 12.4m 18.45m
No. of Passengers 555 400 600-900
Range 8,000 nm 6,500nm N/A
2.2 Comparison between ICAO Standards/recommended practices and HKIA.
Annex 14 Aerodrome Design and Operations
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has identified minimum design
standards for the safe operation of aircraft at airports. These International Standards and
Recommended Practices are published in Annex 14 [1] of the Annex 14 prescribes the
physical characteristics and surface obstacle limitation to be provided at airports.
Leung, Little, and Li 3
The design dimensions for the A380 (ICAO Code F) and the design criteria at HKIA
are compared in Table 2.
Table 2
Airfield Dimension and Separation Criteria
Item
ICAO Code F
(Wingspan 80 m x
length 80 m )
HKIA Criteria
(Wingspan 84 m x
length 85 m)
Design Criteria
Runway Width 60m 60m
Runway Shoulder 7.5m 7.5m
Taxiway Width 25m 29m
Taxiway Shoulder 17.5m North Runway 15.5 m
South Runway 7.5 m
Taxi lane Width 25 m 29 m
Separation Criteria
Runway /Taxiway 190 m 192m
Taxiway /Taxiway 97.5 m 99 m
Taxiway /Object 57.5 m 57m
Taxi lane /Object 50.5 m 54m
As the table shows, most of the HKIA’s airfield dimensions and separation criteria
met the current ICAO design standard. However, two of the existing airfield dimensions did
not comply to the standards; Taxiway Shoulder and Taxiway - Object separation. The
difference in the North Runway taxiway shoulder separation criteria was small, and as the
total paved area width is 60 m, equal to the total taxiway pavement width recommended by
ICAO, therefore the North Runway is in compliance with the criteria.
The South Runway taxiway shoulders and, in turn, the total pavement width, did not
comply with the existing Code F criteria and either needed to be expanded or have
operational restrictions imposed on the use of the outer engines of Code F aircraft. Based on
the ICAO requirement of a width of 60 m, an 8 m shoulder expansion on each side of the
taxiway centerline had to be constructed if alternative operational requirements were not to
be implemented.
The taxiway centerline to object separation adopted during the design and
construction of the airport was 57 meters. The ICAO Code F taxiway centerline to object
separation is 57.5 meters. An airside-wide comprehensive survey was conducted and analysis
of the survey data indicated that 49 structures including sign posts, lamp posts, wall
Leung, Little, and Li 4
structures, jet blast structures and airside roads infringed the ICAO Code F requirements and
needed to be relocated.
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