曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
was used near the parking line. This system can be lowered flush to the apron level leaving
the area free for traffic.
4. RELOCATION OF INFRINGING OBSTACLES AND MODIFICATION OF JET
BLAST FENCE
Based on the compatibility study, a detailed survey was carried out to confirm the
exact relocation requirements of the infringing obstacles including lamp posts, sign posts,
wall structures, jet blast fences and airside roads. Conventional construction methods were
Leung, Little, and Li 15
deployed for the relocation/modification work but had to be carried out under airfield
operational constraints to minimize the impact on normal operations.
5. OTHER RAMP SERVICES
Refueling
Refueling operations are carried out through four under-wing pressure connectors at
40 psi. As the configuration is similar to the B747-400 aircraft, no modifications for the
A380 aircraft were required.
Low Pressure Preconditioned Air
The A380 requires a minimum of 40-50 kPa of low pressure preconditioned air. At
HKIA, the five Code F frontal stands are equipped with two preconditioned air units with a
83 kPa rating. Two additional mobile PCA units will be provided to service the A380.
Toilet and Waste Service
The A380 aircraft capacity for the toilet and waste service is 2500 litres, double the
capacity of a B747-400. The ground service operators at HKIA have purchased larger
capacity vehicles to service the A380.
Other GSE vehicles
Based on the new requirements of the A380, the ground service operators at HKIA
have also upgraded or purchase new Ground Service Equipment such as catering trucks,
cargo loaders and tow tractors to service the A380.
6. CONCLUSION
With forward planning and a comprehensive compatibility study, the short falls of
HKIA’s facilities in meeting the operational requirements for the A380 were identified
shortly after the launching of the new aircraft in 2004. This was followed by a technical
study of available options and an optimized detail design for a series of modification and
enhancement projects. The modification and enhancement works were subsequently
implemented under airport operational constraints and were completed on time and within
budget in mid 2006. The first A380 test flight landed safely in HKIA on the 18 November
2006 and the testing of all new facilities and operating procedures were satisfactory carried
out with only minor fine tuning required in a few of the facilities.
References:
1. International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Annex 14- Aerodrome Design and
Operations
2. Impact of New Large Aircraft on Airport Design by James Patterson, presented for the
1999 Federal Aviation Administration Technology Transfer Conference
Leung, Little, and Li 16
3. Airbus S.A.S., Customer Services, Technical Data Support and Services, A380 Airplane
Characteristics (AC) manual,
http://www.content.airbusworld.com/SITES/Technical_Data/docs/AC/DATA_CONSUL
T/AC_A380.pdf
4. Boeing 747 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning, Document D6-58326-1
(Revision D, December 2002)
http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/747.htm3.3 Modification of Aircraft
Loading Bridge.
30 AVIONICS NEWS • SEPTEMBER 2005
Electronic flight bags (EFBs)
are customizable electronic
devices that increasingly are
in use on flight decks to allow flight
crewmembers to perform a variety of
tasks that previously required reference
books, aeronautical charts
and mathematical calculations.
Some EFBs are no more
than off-the-shelf portable
computers with
flight-management
applications; others—
just beginning to
be installed in aircraft—are sophisticated
purpose-built systems.
One of the primary factors in the
development of EFBs has been the
reduction—and in some airplanes, the
near-elimination—of paper reference
materials on the flight deck. Nevertheless,
advocates of EFBs say that
among the benefits of the transition
from paper to electronics are enhanced
safety, increased efficiency and lower
operating costs.
The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA), which in 2003 published
Advisory Circular (AC) 120-76A,
Guidelines for the Certification, Airworthiness
and Operational Approval
of Electronic Flight Bag Computing
Devices—the first set of guidelines on
this subject produced by civil aviation
authorities—defines an EFB as “an
electronic display system intended primarily
for cockpit/flight deck or cabin
use.”1
The AC guidelines are designed
to assist aircraft operators and flight
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