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in such a position, which
increases the stress, which
further takes us away from the
job, and so it circulates.
Common situations causing this
are:
· Grief
· Divorce
· Financial worries
· Working conditions
· Management pressure
· Pride
· Anger
· Get-home-it is
· Motivation
· Doubts (about abilities, etc)
· Timetable
· Passengers expectations
and timetables
Particular to aviation is trying to
beat the weather, not having
enough fuel and flying when ill.
All of these lead to anxiety,
which is really based on fear, if
you think about it. As anxiety
can cause stress, you get a
circulating problem. You could
probably think of more. People
have their own ways of dealing
with stress, so what works for
one does not necessarily for
someone else. This is possibly
because of the evaluation of the
stress that that particular person
has, i.e. whether they feel they
can cope and their perception
of the problem.
It is perception of demands and
abilities, rather than actual
problems that affect the
individual. If you feel you are
capable, your stress level will be
relatively low.
Symptoms of stress include:
· Detachment from the
situation
· Failure to perceive time
· Fixation of attention
· Personality changes
· Voice pitch changes
· Desire for isolation
· Reduced cognitive ability
254 JAR Private Pilot Studies
· Poor emotional self-control
· Unsafe cavalier attitude
Coping With Stress
You can either adjust to the
situation, or change the
situation itself. The willingness
to recognise stress and to do
something about it must be
there; for example, if you don't
admit there's a problem at
home, there's not much you can
do! It is not weakness to admit
you have a problem—rather, it
shows lack of judgement if you
do otherwise.
Stress Management
The point of stress management
programs is to help you see and
recognise stress, not to cure it.
You can help, however, in these
ways:
· Reduce the load
· Reduce self-medication
· Exercise
· Proper diet.
· Keep a positive outlook.
Organisational Factors
That is, the people we work for, or
with. An organisation is a structure
within which people work together
in an organised and coordinated way
to achieve certain goals.
The culture of the organisation can
have a significant bearing on how
people perform within it. Their goals
may conflict, for example, resources
may be insufficient, as may planning
or supervision. We all know about
pressures, commercial or otherwise.
Communication
Defined as the ability to put your
ideas into someone’s head and be
sure of success, or to exchange
information without it being
changed. Or both. Unfortunately,
even under ideal conditions, only
about 30% is retained, due to
inattention, misinterpretation,
expectations and emotions. Your
team needs to know what you want
done, and require feedback as to
progress and satisfaction of your
expectations. This could be through
the spoken word or body language.
7% of all communication is
accomplished verbally, 38% by
unconscious signals, such as tone of
voice, and the remainder (55%) by
non-verbal means, i.e. body
language, as mentioned above.
Barriers to communication include
reluctance to ask questions, the
influence of authority, and difficulty
in listening. You, therefore, have to
put people at their ease and make
them think they can talk to you or
ask questions.
So, communication is the exchange
of thoughts, messages or
information by various means,
including speech. The elements of
the process are the sender, the
message, the receiver and the
feedback.
The perceptions and background of
people at either end may influence
what is sent – (a person at one end
of a radio transmission might receive
"send three and fourpence, we are
going to a dance" instead of "send
reinforcements, we are going to
advance".
Human Factors 255
You could emphasise each word in
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