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long periods with nothing to
eat. Complex carbohydrates are
best, in the shape of pasta, etc.
Hypoglycaemia is fair enough in
the short term, but long-term
can be a disease. Although not
life threatening, hypoglycaemia
is a forerunner of many worse
diseases and should be looked
at. The important thing to
watch appears to be the
suddenness of any fall in blood
sugar, and a big one can often
trigger a heart attack. A high
protein diet will tend to even
things out, as protein helps the
absorption of fat, which is
inhibited if too much insulin is
about (also check out Food
combining, where proteins and
starches are not mixed due to
chemical incompatibility).
Warning signs include
shakiness, sweatiness, irritability
or anxiety, difficulty in speaking,
headache, weakness, numbness
or tingling around the lips,
inability to think straight,
palpitations and hunger.
At its worst, hypoglycaemia
could result in coma, but you
could also get seizure and
fainting. Eat more if you
exercise more.
Hyperglycaemia
This is the opposite, being an
excess of blood sugar.
Symptoms would include
tiredness, increased appetite and
thirst, frequent urination, dry
skin, flu-like aches, headaches,
blurred vision and nausea. This
condition causes dehydration,
so always have fluids around to
help you. Also, decrease stress.
Alcohol
Whilst nobody should object to you
taking a drink or two the evening
before a flight, you should
remember that it can take over 3
days for alcohol to clear the system
(it remains in the inner ear for
longest). Within 24 hours before a
Human Factors 251
planned departure, you should not
drink alcohol at all; certainly not on
standby. The maximum blood level
is officially .2 mg per ml, a quarter of
the driving limit in UK, but it’s not
only the alcohol that causes
problems – the after-effects do as
well, like the hangover, fatigue,
dehydration, loss of blood sugar and
toxins caused by metabolisation.
Although it appears otherwise,
alcohol is not a stimulant, but an
anaesthetic, which puts to sleep
those parts of the brain that deal
with inhibitions - the problem is that
these areas also cover judgement,
comprehension and attention to
detail. In fact, the effects of alcohol
are the same as hypoxia, dealt with
elsewhere, in that it prevents brain
cells from using available oxygen.
One significant effect of hypoxia in
this context is the resulting inability
to tell that something is wrong.
It takes the liver about 1 hour to
eliminate 1 unit of alcohol from the
blood (officially, alcohol leaves the
body at a rate of 15 milligrams per
100 ml of blood per hour). 1 unit is
considered to be the same as 1
measure of spirit, a glass of wine or
half a pint of beer. The number of
units per week beyond which
physical damage is likely is 21 for
men and 14 for women.
As far as passengers are concerned,
although they get cabin service,
persons under the affluence of
incohol or drugs, of unsound mind
or having the potential to cause
trouble should not be allowed on
board—certainly, no person should
be drunk on any aircraft (people
aren’t generally aware that one drink
at 6000 feet is the same as two at sea
level). This is not being a
spoilsport—drunks don't react
properly in emergencies and could
actually be dangerous to other
people (which is why I always get an
aisle seat – I don’t have to get round
people in the way). Therefore, it's
not just for their own good, but that
of others as well. If you need to get
rid of obstreperous passengers (long
word number 1), you can always
quote the regulations at them (or
even use sarcasm), but don't forget
to fill in an Occurrence Report.
Medications
Although the symptoms of colds
and sore throats, etc. are bad enough
on the ground, they may actually
become dangerous in flight by either
distracting or harming you by getting
more serious with height (such as
bursting your eardrums, or worse). If
you're under treatment for anything,
including surgery, not only should
you not fly, but you should also
check there will be no adverse
effects on your physical or mental
ability, as many preparations
combine chemicals, and the mixture
could make quite a cocktail. No
drugs or alcohol should be taken
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