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requiring a C of A, unless it comes
under JAR-145.
Except for special category aircraft
below 2730 kg, or private or special
category aircraft where the
owner/pilot does the work (in which
case suitable records must be kept
and equipment used), a Certificate of
Release to Service must be valid for
the aircraft itself, and any necessary
equipment or radios. The certificate
must certify that any inspection,
overhaul, repair, replacement,
216 JAR Private Pilot Studies
modification or maintenance has
been done in an approved manner
with approved materials, and include
particulars. It may also only be
issued by the holder of an AME
licence under JAR or CAA (or
validated foreign). When abroad, you
can use a foreign engineer if the
MAUW is less than 2730 kg.
A UK or JAR ATPL holder, or UK
Flight Navigator, may adjust direct
reading magnetic compasses (this
comes within the definition of
‘repair’).
If work is done where the standard
is low, or a certificate cannot be
issued, you can fly to the nearest
place you can safely get a certificate,
always ensuring you write and tell
the CAA about the whole affair
within 10 days.
Aircraft log books must be kept for
2 years after the aircraft has been
destroyed or permanently withdrawn
from use (but see also Article 80).
Art 14 - Equipment of aircraft
Aircraft must be equipped under the
law of the country in which they
registered, and must be able to
display lights and markings, and
make signals, under this and any
subsequent orders.
UK registered aircraft need
equipment in Schedule 4, which
must be approved, except for certain
items, such as timepieces – see
paragraph 3. The CAA may vary this
at any time in particular cases. Public
transport aircraft must have, for each
passenger, a flight briefing card, with
the usual information on it.
Equipment must not be a danger in
itself, and emergency equipment
must be clearly marked.
This does not apply to radio
apparatus, except that in Schedule 4
(see below).
Art 15 - Radio equipment of aircraft
Aircraft need radios and radio
navigation equipment under the law
of the country of registration, or the
State of the operator. Refer to
Schedule 5, which may be varied at
any time by the CAA.
Equipment and installation methods
must be approved for UK registered
aircraft, except unregistered gliders
under Art 3(2).
Modifications must not be made
without CAA approval.
Art 17 - Aircraft, engine and
propeller log books
UK registered aircraft must have log
books for the aircraft itself, each
engine and variable pitch propeller.
See Schedule 6 for what must be in
them. If the aircraft is below 2730
kg, the log books must be approved
by the CAA.
Entries must generally be made as
soon as practicable after the
occurrence, but no later than 7 days
after the expiration of the current
certificate of maintenance review.
However, those required by subparagraphs
2(d)(ii) or 3(d)(ii) of
Schedule 6 must be made at the time
(e.g. inspections, overhaul, etc).
Documents mentioned in log books
are regarded as part of them.
Log books must be kept until 2
years after the aircraft, engine or
variable pitch propeller has been
Air Law 217
destroyed or has been permanently
withdrawn from use, but see also
Article 80.
Art 18 - Aircraft weight schedule
Every flying machine and glider with
a C of A must be weighed, and its C
of G determined. A weight schedule
must be prepared, showing either the
basic weight (e.g. empty with
unusable fuel and oil, and equipment
in the weight schedule) and the C of
G for the basic weight, or approved
alternatives.
Weight schedules must be kept for 6
months after the next weighing, but
see Article 80.
Art 20 - Composition of crew
Aircraft must carry flight crews as
required by the country of
registration. Crews on UK aircraft
must be adequate for safety and be
at least as specified in the C of A.
A UK registered public transport
machine over 5700 kg must have at
least two pilots, as must turbo jets,
pressurised turbo props, and multiengined
turbo props able to carry
more than nine passengers below
5700 kg under IFR. Under the same
conditions, multi-engined turbo
props able to carry less than 10
passengers without pressurization or
multi-engined pistons may use an
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