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autopilot instead (those under a
police AOC may fly single pilot, as
may the multi-engined turbo props
and pistons mentioned above)
A UK registered public transport
helicopter below 5,700 kg able to
carry 9 or less passengers under IFR
or at night must carry two pilots,
unless it has an autopilot with at
least altitude hold and heading
mode, or is working under a police
AOC.
A UK registered public transport
aircraft must either carry a flight
navigator or suitable navigation
equipment if it is planned to be more
than 500 nm from the point of takeoff
and passing over part of any area
in Schedule 7. The flight navigator is
in addition to anyone carried under
this article for other duties.
A UK registered aircraft required by
Art 15 to have radio
communications apparatus must
carry a flight radiotelephony
operator.
The CAA may specify additional
crew members at any time.
A UK registered public transport
aircraft carrying more than 20
passengers, or capable of carrying 35
but carrying at least one, must carry
cabin crews. The ratio is one to
every 50 (or fraction of 50) seats,
unless varied by the CAA.
Art 21 - Requirement for licence
Flight crews need appropriate
licences. Having said that, within the
UK, the Channel Islands, and the
Isle of Man, you can operate radios
without a licence as the pilot of a
UK registered glider not flying for
public transport or aerial work and
not talking to ATC, or being trained
in a UK registered aircraft for flight
crew duties, when authorised by a
licence holder. The messages must
only be for instruction, or the safety
or navigation of the aircraft, on
frequencies exceeding 60 MHz
assigned by the CAA, which are
automatically maintained, and if the
transmitter has external switches.
218 JAR Private Pilot Studies
For other licences, where an aircraft
is being towed, no-one else must be
on board unless they are authorised
or are a trainee. Ex-military pilots
(within the last 6 months) or flight
engineers/navigators upgrading to
pilot or adding types may also fly
without licences under supervision.
Military pilots may fly without
licences in the course of their duties.
You can also be a PIC for renewal of
a pilot's licence or inclusion or
variation of ratings if you are at least
16 with a valid medical certificate
(and comply with its conditions),
under the supervision of an
instructor and nobody else is carried.
It must also be a non-public
transport or aerial work flight,
although your instructor cab get
paid. On single-pilot aircraft, dual
controls must be fitted for the
instructor.
You can act as PIC of a helicopter or
gyroplane at night if you do not have
an IR and have not carried out at
least 5 takeoffs and landings at night
in the last 13 months, under an
instructor, with nobody else on
board, and not engaged on public
transport or aerial work, except
paying the instructor. The same
conditions apply to balloons if you
have not done 5 flights over 5
minutes.
A JAR licence is considered valid for
this article. A non-JAR foreign
licence does not allow you to be paid
for public transport or aerial work,
fly IFR, or give instruction.
You don’t need a licence to fly a
glider unless you are operating the
radio or you are engaged on public
transport or aerial work, other than
aerial work consisting of instructing
or testing in a club aircraft and the
people concerned are members.
You need permission from a
Contracting State if you fly in or
over it in a UK registered aircraft
and your (UK) licence is endorsed as
not meeting the full specification.
You also need permission from the
CAA if your foreign licence is not up
to scratch and you fly in or over UK.
Refer also to Article 26 (3)
concerning medical fitness and
pregnancy.
Art 41 - Pilots to remain at controls
During flight, one pilot must remain
at the controls of UK registered
flying machines or gliders. If two are
required, both must be there during
takeoff or landing. With two or more
on public transport, the commander
must be there. Each pilot must wear
a safety belt with or without one
diagonal shoulder strap, or a safety
harness, except that, during take-off
and landing a safety harness shall be
worn if it is required by article 14 of
and Schedule 4.
If you ever have to leave the
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