曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
PIC in IFR in Class A, B or C
airspace.
A night rating or qualification is
required to be PIC at night.
NPPL
You can be PIC of any simple
single-engined aeroplane,
microlight or SLMG specified,
or otherwise within any rating
on the licence. Outside the UK,
however, you must comply with
Art 21(10)(a), with permission
from any contracting states,
except for an SLMG if you have
an appropriate medical and
SLMG rating.
The only aerial work you can do
is towing another aeroplane or
glider in a club aircraft, if you
and any passengers are club
members, or any other
approved organization.
You cannot fly a simple singleengined
aeroplane outside
controlled airspace in under 5
km visibility, or a microlight or
SLMG under 3 km. Neither
may you fly Special VFR in a
control zone under 10 km, out
of sight of the surface, at night,
or when needing to be IFR.
Unless you have appropriate
differences training, the simple
aeroplane may not have a
retractable or tricycle
undercarriage, a tailwheel, a
supercharger or turbocharger, a
variable pitch propeller, a cabin
pressure system or a max
continuous cruising speed over
140 kts. The training must be
recorded in your log book.
Microlights may not have 3-axis
controls or flexwing controls if
your previous experience has
been with the other type, unless
you have difference training and
record it in your logbook.
Medical
You need either a Class 1 or 2
medical certificate.
Recency
You must maintain competency
under JAR-FCL 1.025 p1-A-5.
To carry passengers, you must do, in
the previous 90 days, 3 takeoffs and
landings (included in 3 circuits for
helicopters) as sole manipulator in
the same type or class (for a NPPL,
the maximum number of passengers
is 4). With no IR, at least 1 takeoff
and landing must be at night. For
gyroplanes, you need at least 5 take
offs and landings when the centre of
the sun was at least 12° below the
horizon in the last 13 months, or 5
5-minute flights in free balloons, for
balloons.
Validity
For single-engined piston aeroplanes
and touring motor gliders, you must
pass a proficiency check in the three
months before the rating expires.
Alternatively, you can do 12 hours (6
hours PIC) and 12 takeoffs and
landings or at least one hour with an
instructor (or other test) in the
previous 12 months.
Experience
At least 45 hours, to include 25
hours dual and 10 hours supervised
solo (in the State that is going to
issue the licence), with at least 5
hours solo cross country with a
182 JAR Private Pilot Studies
flight of at least 270 km (150 nm)
having two full stop landings at
different airfields.
For helicopters, the 25 hours dual
must include 5 hours' instruments,
and the cross-country flight must be
at least 185 km (100 nm)
Flight Radiotelephony Operator
You must be at least 16. The
maximum validity is 10 years, if
standalone, or the validity of an
associated licence. It s normally
issued for VHF only, unless you pass
a separate HF exam, or the CPL or
ATPL radio nav exams.
A JAR PPL will be tested as art of
the skills test for the licence. The
FRTOL is a UK national licence.
The licence is needed unless you are
a student obtaining an additional
rating under a flying instructor, so if
you are solo, you may not use the
radios if you don't have one.
It is also illegal if you (as PIC) don't
have an R/T licence to allow anyone
with one to operate the radios.
Privileges
You can use the radios in any aircraft
if the frequency is maintained
automatically, using external
switching devices.
Foreign Licences
Licences from Contracting States
(i.e. ICAO) are valid for private
purposes on G-registered aircraft
automatically, as long as the original
licence remains valid and the pilot
does not get paid, except for
instrument or instructor ratings.
Otherwise, the CAA can validate
foreign non-JAR licences at any
time, including those under the law
of an EEA state (see also Annex 1 to
the Chicago Convention). Such
licences must be based on equivalent
licences under Art 22. The
Commission must be asked for an
opinion on licence equivalency
within three weeks of receipt by the
CAA of all necessary information, or
inform you of extra requirements
within three months, if it doesn’t
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：
JAR.Private.Pilot.Studies(115)
