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controls of a helicopter with the
engine running, do not switch the
hydraulics off, but use the control
locks only, in case the controls
motor by themselves.
Art 45 - Duties of commander
Commanders of UK registered
public transport aircraft (except
police aircraft) must take all
reasonable steps to do the following:
In a landplane intending to fly more
than 30 minutes away from land, or
gliding distance if cabin crews are
carried (and there is a possibility of
having to land on water during
Air Law 219
takeoff or landing, including
alternates), all passengers must be
shown how to use the lifejackets. If
the landing on water arises from
going to an alternate, the
demonstration may be delayed until
after the decision has been made to
go there. In a seaplane, ensure that
all passengers are shown how to use
the above equipment before takeoff.
Before the aircraft takes off, and
before it lands, ensure that the crew
are properly secured in their seats,
together with anyone carried under
article 20(7) (cabin crews), who must
be situated so they can help
passengers.
For takeoff and landing, and
turbulence, ensure that all passengers
over 2 years old are wearing seat
belts (including diagonal shoulder
straps) or safety harnesses and that
all passengers under 2 years are using
a child restraint device.
Ensure that baggage in the passenger
compartment is secured and, for
aircraft capable of seating more than
30 passengers, it is either stowed in
approved spaces or elsewhere with
written permission.
For unpressurised aircraft with a C
of A issued on or after 1st Jan 1989,
before FL 100, show passengers how
to use the oxygen. Above FL 120 all
passengers and cabin crews should
be using it, with all flight crew using
it above FL 100. Where the C of A
was issued before then, you have the
choice of the above or doing the
demonstration before FL 130, with
cabin crews and passengers using it
above that.
Art 46 - Operation of radio in aircraft
Radios must be operated under the
terms of any licence issued by the
country of registration, or the State
of the operator, and by licensed
people at that, as instructed by ATC
or relative to the airspace. They must
not cause interference and may only
be used according to general
international aeronautical practice.
Where radios are required, a
continuous listening watch must be
kept by the a member of the flight
crew. You may change frequencies
when so directed. If there is no
objection, you can use a device to
listen for you.
Hand-held microphones may not be
used in UK registered public
transport aircraft in controlled
airspace below FL 150, or during
takeoff or landing.
Art 53 - Flight recording systems
See paragraph 4(4), (5), (6) or (7) of
Schedule 4 to see if CVR or FDR is
required. If so, they must be in use
from the start of takeoff to the end
of landing, or from rotor start to
stop in a helicopter. The last 25
hours of an FDR must be preserved,
together with a record of at least one
representative flight in the last 12
months, to include a take-off, climb,
cruise, descent, approach to landing
and landing, plus a means of
identifying the record. For a
helicopter, you need the last 8 hours
of an FDR. If combined with a
CVR, then you can choose either the
last 8 hours, or the last 5 hours
against the duration of the last flight,
whichever is greater, plus the period
immediately preceding the last 5
hours or duration of the last flight
220 JAR Private Pilot Studies
(whichever is the greater) or
whatever the CAA may dictate.
See also Article 80.
Art 54 - Towing of gliders
The C of A of a towing aircraft must
allow this. The combined length of
towing aircraft, tow rope and glider
must not be more than 150 metres.
The tow rope must be in good
condition and strong enough, and
the performance of the towing
aircraft good enough to take off
safely, reach and maintain a safe
height for separation and land safely
afterwards at the intended
destination.
Signals must be agreed and
communication established with
ground crew, together with
emergency signals between the
commander of the towing aircraft
and that of the glider, that the tow
should immediately be released by
the glider, and that it cannot be
released.
The glider must be attached to the
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