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· Aerodrome Flight Information
Service, for aircraft near an
aerodrome, providing
information relevant to the safe
and efficient conduct of a flight.
It is pre-recorded, and has the
210 JAR Private Pilot Studies
prefix Information, giving you
active runways, pressures, etc.
Clearances, Instructions, etc
You must comply with any clearance
received and acknowledged. If you
don't like it, you should say so at the
time, since an acknowledgement
without further comment is taken as
such. Clearances are valid only in
controlled airspace, and there will be
some form of the word "clear" in the
text to help identify them.
You must also comply with
instructions in the same way, unless
aircraft safety is a factor. An
instruction will be readily
identifiable, but the word "instruct"
may not be included.
If it is not suitable, you may request
and, if practicable, obtain an
amended one.
Control is based on known traffic only,
so you are still responsible for safe
procedures and good judgement.
Any information about flight
conditions are meant as assistance or
reminders.
Approach Clearances
When you get clearance for an
approach, its name will indicate the
type of approach if you are required
to stick to a particular procedure. If
you get visual reference with the
ground before completing it, you
should carry on with it unless cleared
otherwise. If you will be given
another runway than that in the
approach, the runway number will
be given in the clearance as well (in
this case, if you have to go around,
use the missed approach procedure
for the original runway, not the
landing one).
Radar Services
Radar allows the best use of airspace
by reducing separation between
aircraft, and the provision of
information, such as traffic and
weather. If SSR is available without
primary radar, it will not be possible
to detect all aircraft.
ATC know which aircraft they are
talking to by position reports,
identifying turns or transponders.
You will be told of any change in
your identification status, if any.
However, radar identification doesn't
stop you being responsible for the
disposition of your aircraft, including
collision avoidance and obstacle
clearance, although ATC accept
responsibility for the latter when
vectoring IFR flights and certain
VFR ones in controlled airspace.
Radar Vectoring
This is used when separation is
necessary, for noise abatement,
when requested or if an advantage
would be gained operationally. You
will be told where you are being
vectored to, and when it stops, but
this can be assumed if you are bound
for a final approach or traffic circuit
and are given clearance.
Otherwise, it continues until you
leave the coverage area, go into
controlled airspace or are transferred
to a unit that doesn't have radar.
The minimum radar vectoring altitude is
the lowest that still clears obstacles
and is used to make the transition to
an approach easier, but it may be
lower than the minimum altitudes
shown on your chart. If you are
cleared to a lower altitude, ATC will
be responsible for obstacle clearance
Air Law 211
until you are in a position to start an
approach.
Visual Climb and Descent
If you are being vectored and can
see where you are going (that is, you
can avoid obstacles yourself and
maintain visual reference), you can
request permission to climb or
descend visually, which may allow
you a more direct track. Of course,
this means that the responsibility for
clearing them is transferred to you,
although the proper separation
intervals will be maintained.
Pilot Reports
Specialist Aircraft Observations are
required whenever severe turbulence
or icing is encountered, moderate
turbulence, hail or cu-nims are
encountered in flight, or anything
else that might affect safety.
Intercept Signals
The instructions for these must be
carried on all aircraft, but not
necessarily as a separate item – they
are in the back of the CFS anyway.
Under Article 9 of the Convention
on International Civil Aviation, each
contracting state reserves the right to
stop aircraft from other states flying
over parts of its territory. As part of
this, aircraft may need to be led away
from an area or be required to land
at a particular aerodrome.
If an aircraft assumes a position
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