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relative positions change. Gliders in
UK may go right or left.
Landing and take off
There must be no apparent risk of
collision with any aircraft, person,
vessel, vehicle or structure in your
take-off or landing path.
You must take-off and land in the
direction indicated by the ground
signals, or into wind if there are
none, unless good aviation practice
demands otherwise.
A flying machine or glider must not
land on a runway if it is not clear of
other aircraft unless ATC say
otherwise. When not using a runway,
you must leave clear on your left any
aircraft which have landed, are
already landing or are about to take
off. You must make any turns to the
turn left after checking that you will
not interfere with other traffic.
A flying machine about to take off
must leave clear on its left any
aircraft that have already taken off or
are about to.
After landing, move clear of the
landing area as soon as possible,
unless told otherwise by ATC.
Order of landing
Except where ATC dictate
otherwise, or in emergency, aircraft
landing or on finals have right of
way over others in flight or on the
ground or water. Where several are
involved in landing, the lowest has
right of way, as long as it does not
cut in front of another on finals, or
overtake it. During such an
emergency at night, even if you have
permission to land, you may not do
so until you get further clearance.
Near aerodromes
A flying machine, glider or airship
near what the commander knows (or
ought reasonably to know) to be an
aerodrome, or moving on one, must,
unless told otherwise by ATC,
conform to the circuit or keep clear.
All turns must be made to the left
unless ground signals say otherwise.
Aircraft Manoeuvring on Water
Aircraft or vessels coming from the
right have the right-of-way.
If you are approaching another
aircraft or vessel head-on, you must
alter heading to the right.
Aircraft or vessels being overtaken
have the right of way, and overtakers
must alter heading enough to keep
well clear.
Right Hand Traffic - Rule 19
An aircraft in the UK in sight of the
ground and following a road, railway,
canal or coastline, or any other line
188 JAR Private Pilot Studies
of landmarks, must keep them on its
left, except under instructions from
ATC inside controlled airspace.
Simulated Instrument Flight
When your vision is restricted by
artificial means, the aircraft must
have fully functioning duals and a
safety pilot qualified on type, plus an
observer, if necessary.
Aerodromes & Airports
An aerodrome is generally any place
for landing aircraft that fits the
official definition, which is, broadly,
being set apart for the purpose, and
includes any necessary buildings. An
airport is an aerodrome with
different documentation, so it has to
meet a higher level of safety. It
would typically be used for
passenger-carrying commercial
flights, for example.
Full details of handy places to land,
including heliports (see below) are in
guides like Pooley’s or Bottlang’s (a
mention here is not necessarily a
recommendation), although the
official document is the UK Air Pilot.
An aerodrome or airport listed in it
that does not need previous
permission for use is for public use.
Where permission is required, you
either need to get it first, or just
provide prior notice, so they can get
the sheep off the runway.
Although not in the regulations, in
general, it is still a good idea not to:
· walk, stand, drive, park
anything, or cause an
obstruction, without permission
from operators/ATC.
· tow aircraft on active
movement areas at night,
without wingtip, tail and anticollision
lights, or light from the
towing vehicle.
· park, or otherwise leave an
aircraft, on an active
manoeuvring area at night
without wingtip, tail and anticollision
lights, or lanterns
suspended from the wingtips,
tail and nose.
· operate a vessel on, or cause
obstruction on the surface of, a
water area that must be kept
clear, when ordered to leave, or
not approach it, by ATC.
· remove, deface, extinguish or
interfere with markers,
markings, lights or signals for
air navigation, without
permission from the operator
and ATC.
· display a marker, marking, sign,
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