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of, any open air assembly of more
than 1000 people witnessing or
participating in any organised event,
except with permission in writing
from the CAA and the organisers, or
below a height that allows you to
land clear if an engine fails. Banners
should not be dropped within 3000
feet. This doesn’t count if you are
taking part in an aircraft race or
contest, or a flying display.
You may not fly closer than 500 feet
to any person, vessel, vehicle or structure
(exam question) unless you are
operating a police aircraft, or landing
or taking off under normal aviation
practice, hill soaring with a glider,
working under an aerial application
certificate, or picking up or dropping
tow ropes, banners or similar articles
at an aerodrome. However, be aware
that this is under discussion.
Nothing in this rule stops you flying
as necessary for saving life, or
applies to any captive balloon or
kite. Neither does it stop any aircraft
flying under normal aviation
practice, when taking off from,
landing or practising approaches at,
or checking navigational aids or
procedures at, a Government
aerodrome, one owned or managed
by the CAA or a licensed aerodrome,
in the customarily used airspace.
Lights & Signals – Rule 8
If more than one light is needed to
comply with the Rules of the Air,
only one should be visible at a time.
Where a light must show through
specified angles horizontally, the
light should be visible from 90°
above and below. Lights showing in
all directions must be visible from
any point horizontally and vertically.
Display of lights by aircraft – Rule 9
By night, only lights in the Rules
may be shown, to avoid confusion.
By day, anti-col lights must be used
in flight (a red one with engines
running when stationary).
At night, a flying machine on a UK
aerodrome must display normal
lights, or any in Rule 11(2)(c), unless
stationary on the apron or
maintenance park. Lights may be
reduced or switched off if they affect
crew duties or dazzle people.
Navigation lights are set up so that
only one can be seen by another
aircraft at any time. Anticollision
lights are seen from all directions.
Failure of lights – Rule 10
On the ground, if a light cannot be
immediately repaired or replaced, the
aircraft may not depart. In flight, you
must land as soon as you can safely
do so, unless otherwise authorised
by ATC. If an anti-col light fails by
day, you may continue, but the light
must be fixed at the earliest possible
opportunity.
Flying machines – Rule 11
At night, a UK registered flying
machine over 5700 kg, or has a first
Air Law 185
type on or after 1st April 1988, must
show a steady green light of at least
five candela to starboard through
110° from ahead horizontally, with a
steady red on the other side, and a
steady white of at least three candela
through 70° each side of dead astern
horizontally. If more than 2 metres
from the wing tip, another may be
put at the tip.
Note that the boundaries re parallel,
so only one light can be seen.
Where the type certificate is dated
before then, and the aircraft is below
5700 kg, as above, plus an anticollision
light or flashing white light
of at least twenty candela showing in
all directions, flashing alternately to
the main lights. Otherwise any of the
above may be used.
Gliders – Rule 12
At night, either a steady red light of
at least five candela, showing in all
directions, or lights under Rule 11(2)
and (3).
Free balloons – Rule 13
At night, a steady red light of at least
five candela showing in all
directions, suspended between 5-10
metres below the basket, or, if there
isn’t one, below the lowest part.
Captive balloons and kites – Rule 14
When over 60 metres agl, two steady
lights, one white, 4 metres above the
red, both at least five candela and
showing in all directions, with the
white light between 5 and 10 metres
below the basket or the lowest part
of the balloon or kite. On the
mooring cable, at intervals less than
300 metres from the lights above,
groups of two lights as above, with
one below the cloud base if the
bottom one is hidden by cloud.
On the surface, a group of 3 flashing
lights arranged horizontally in an
approximately equilateral triangle,
around the item to be marked, with
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