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actually grant the validation.
However, it must, within three
months of receipt of the necessary
information for the application,
either issue the certificate of
validation or inform you of any
additional requirements or tests.
IMC Rating
Along with some other special
ratings, this is restricted to the
sovereign airspace of the issuing
state, in this case the UK. Its use
elsewhere needs the permission of
the relevant state, as it is not a full
instrument rating.
It is for aeroplanes only, and enables
a PPL or BCPL (aeroplanes) holder
to be PIC inside the bad visibility
restrictions of both licences, in the
UK, except on a special VFR flight
in a control zone with visibility less
than 3 km, or taking off or landing
where the flight visibility below
cloud is less than 1800 metres.
It allows private flight under IFR
outside controlled airspace, and in
Class D, E and F airspace.
Night Rating
This allows a PPL or BCPL holder
to be PIC at night. There is a special
one for gyroplane PPLs.
Air Law 183
Flight Instructor - Art 29
You may not instruct any one
learning to fly for a licence or rating
unless you are qualified as PIC on
the aircraft concerned, and have an
instructor rating.
With restricted privileges, the licence is
restricted until you have done at
least 100 hours flight instruction and
supervised at least 25 solo flights,
and have been recommended. That
is, you can do (under supervision)
instruction for PPLs, or those parts
of integrated courses for singleengine
aeroplanes, excluding
approval of first solo flights and
cross country flights, and night flying
instruction.
You can do up to 5 hours in an
approved simulator.
Recording of Flight Times
Normally, flight time to be credited
towards a licence must be flown in
the same category of aircraft as the
licence (or rating) sought.
All solo, dual or PIC flight counts in
full towards the requirements for a
higher licence. 50% of P2 (co-pilot)
time is counted, but JARs counts it
in full on machines which require
more than one pilot.
Personal Logs – Art 28
These must be maintained by every
member of the Flight Crew of a UK
registered aircraft and, regardless of
registration, those qualifying for
licence purposes. They may be
computerised for commercial flights.
Aside from your name and address,
log books should also have the date
of the flight, name of PIC, type of
aircraft, registration, crew position,
places and times of departure and
arrival, flight times, operational
conditions, such as night or IFR, and
details of any tests taken.
Flight time is the total time from
when an aircraft first moves under
its own power with the intention of
taking off until it comes to rest after
the flight, so it includes taxi time (for
helicopters, the flight time stops
when the rotors do). This is what
goes in your log book. Air time, on
the other hand, is between wheels or
skids off and when they touch the
Earth again. This is what goes in the
Tech Log.
A logbook is your personal and
private property, not having been
issued to you under the ANO.
If you lose it, you will need to
provide a Sworn Affidavit that
details your flying hours to the best
of your knowledge, if you intend to
rely on them to get further licences
and ratings.
Flight time records must be
produced without undue delay upon
a request from an Authorised
Person. Student pilots must carry
them on solo cross-country flights
because they contain records of
instructor authorisations.
Rules of the Air
Low Flying – Rule 5
You may not fly over any congested
area of a city, town or settlement
below a height that allows you to
land clear and without danger to
persons or property on the surface if
a donkey stops (in a helicopter, you
just need to alight without danger,
not necessarily clear). If you’re
184 JAR Private Pilot Studies
towing a banner, you must take that
into consideration as well.
Alternatively, you can proceed at
1500 feet above the highest fixed
object within 600 metres, whichever
is higher, unless on a notified route,
landing or taking off, on Special
VFR or you are a police aircraft.
A helicopter must be able to alight
clear in the London Helicopter Zone.
Unless you are a police aircraft, you
may not fly over, or within 3000 feet
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