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b) determining that a runway is clear of traffic prior to
a landing or take-off;
c) providing information on essential local traffic on or
near the manoeuvring area;
d) determining the location of aircraft and vehicles on
the manoeuvring area;
e) providing directional taxi information to aircraft when
requested by the pilot or deemed necessary by the
controller. Except under special circumstances, e.g.
emergencies, such information should not be issued in
the form of specific heading instructions; and
f) providing assistance and advice to emergency vehicles.
8.10.2.3 IDENTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT
Where SMR is used, aircraft may be identified by one or more
of the following procedures:
a) by correlating a particular radar position indication
with:
i) an aircraft position visually observed by the
controller;
ii) an aircraft position reported by the pilot; or
iii) an identified radar position indication displayed on
a surveillance radar display;
b) by transfer of radar identification when authorized by
the appropriate ATS authority; and
c) by automated identification procedures when authorized
by the appropriate ATS authority.
8.11 USE OF RADAR IN THE
FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE
Note.— The use of radar in the provision of flight
information service does not relieve the pilot-in-command of
8-22 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
an aircraft of any responsibilities, including the final decision
regarding any suggested alteration of the flight plan.
8.11.1 Functions
8.11.1.1 The information presented on a radar display
may be used to provide identified aircraft with:
a) information regarding any aircraft observed to be on a
conflicting path with the radar-identified aircraft and
suggestions or advice regarding avoiding action;
b) information on the position of significant weather and,
as practicable, advice to the aircraft on how best to
circumnavigate any such areas of adverse weather
(see 8.6.9.2, Note);
c) information to assist the aircraft in its navigation.
8.11.1.2 Radar air traffic advisory service. When radar
is used in the provision of air traffic advisory service, the
procedures in Section 8.2 for the use of radar in the air traffic
control service shall be applied subject to the conditions and
limitations governing the provision of air traffic advisory
service, as set forth in Chapter 9, 9.1.4.
PANS-ATM 9-1 1/11/01
CHAPTER 9. FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE
AND ALERTING SERVICE
9.1. FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE
9.1.1 Recording and transmission of
information on the progress of flights
Information on the actual progress of flights, including those
of heavy or medium unmanned free balloons, under neither air
traffic control service nor air traffic advisory service shall be:
a) recorded by the air traffic services unit serving the FIR
within which the aircraft is flying in such a manner
that it is available for reference and in case it is
requested for search and rescue action;
b) transmitted by the air traffic services unit receiving the
information to other air traffic services units
concerned, when so required in accordance with
Chapter 10, 10.2.2.
9.1.2 Transfer of responsibility for the
provision of flight information service
The responsibility for the provision of flight information
service to a flight normally passes from the appropriate ATS
unit in an FIR to the appropriate ATS unit in the adjacent FIR
at the time of crossing the common FIR boundary. However,
when coordination is required in accordance with Chapter 8,
8.2.1, but communication facilities are inadequate, the former
ATS unit shall, as far as practicable, continue to provide flight
information service to the flight until it has established twoway
communication with the appropriate ATS unit in the FIR
it is entering.
9.1.3 Transmission of information
9.1.3.1 MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
9.1.3.1.1 Except as provided in 9.1.3.2.1, information
shall be disseminated to aircraft by one or more of the
following means as determined by the appropriate ATS
authority:
a) the preferred method of directed transmission on the
initiative of the appropriate ATS unit to an aircraft,
ensuring that receipt is acknowledged; or
b) a general call, unacknowledged transmission to all
aircraft concerned; or
c) broadcast; or
d) data link.
Note.— It should be recognized that in certain
circumstances, e.g. during the last stages of a final approach,
it may be impracticable for aircraft to acknowledge directed
transmissions.
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