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considerable change of level is involved, a descending aircraft
may be cleared to some convenient level above the lower
aircraft, or a climbing aircraft to some convenient level below
the higher aircraft, to permit a further check on the separation
that will obtain while vertical separation does not exist.
5.4.2.3.2.4 Aircraft on reciprocal tracks. Aircraft
utilizing on-track DME may be cleared to climb or descend to
or through the levels occupied by other aircraft utilizing ontrack
DME, provided that it has been positively established
that the aircraft have passed each other and are at least 10 NM
apart, or such other value as prescribed by the appropriate ATS
authority.
5.4.2.4 LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION MINIMA WITH
MACH NUMBER TECHNIQUE BASED ON TIME
5.4.2.4.1 Turbojet aircraft shall adhere to the Mach
number approved by ATC and shall request ATC approval
before making any changes thereto. If it is essential to make an
immediate temporary change in the Mach number (e.g. due to
turbulence), ATC shall be notified as soon as possible that such
a change has been made.
5.4.2.4.2 If it is not feasible, due to aircraft performance,
to maintain the last assigned Mach number during en-route
climbs and descents, pilots of aircraft concerned shall advise
ATC at the time of the climb/descent request.
5.4.2.4.3 When the Mach number technique is applied
and provided that:
a) the aircraft concerned have reported over the same
reporting point and follow the same track or continuously
diverging tracks until some other form of
separation is provided; or
b) if the aircraft have not reported over the same reporting
point and it is possible to ensure, by radar or other
means, that the appropriate time interval will exist at
the common point from which they either follow the
same track or continuously diverging tracks;
minimum longitudinal separation between turbojet aircraft on
the same track, whether in level, climbing or descending flight
shall be:
1) 10 minutes; or
2) between 9 and 5 minutes inclusive, provided:
the preceding aircraft is maintaining a Mach
number greater than the following aircraft in
accordance with the following table:
— 9 minutes, if the preceding aircraft is Mach
0.02 faster than the following aircraft;
— 8 minutes, if the preceding aircraft is Mach
0.03 faster than the following aircraft;
— 7 minutes, if the preceding aircraft is Mach
0.04 faster than the following aircraft;
— 6 minutes, if the preceding aircraft is Mach
0.05 faster than the following aircraft;
— 5 minutes, if the preceding aircraft is Mach
0.06 faster than the following aircraft.
5.4.2.4.4 When the 10-minute longitudinal separation
minimum with Mach number technique is applied, the
preceding aircraft shall maintain a Mach number equal to or
greater than that maintained by the following aircraft.
5.4.2.5 LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION MINIMA WITH
MACH NUMBER TECHNIQUE BASED ON
DISTANCE USING RNAV
Note.— Guidance material on RNAV operations is
contained in the Manual on Required Navigation Performance
(RNP) (Doc 9613).
5.4.2.5.1 Turbojet aircraft shall adhere to the Mach
number approved by ATC and shall request ATC approval
before making any changes thereto. If it is essential to make an
immediate temporary change in the Mach number (e.g. due to
turbulence), ATC shall be notified as soon as possible that such
a change has been made.
5.4.2.5.1.1 If it is not feasible, due to aircraft
performance, to maintain the last assigned Mach number
during en-route climbs and descents, pilots of aircraft
concerned shall advise ATC at the time of the climb/descent
request.
5.4.2.5.2 RNAV distance-based separation minima shall
not be applied after ATC has received pilot advice indicating
navigation equipment deterioration or failure.
5.4.2.5.3 Separation shall be established by maintaining
not less than the specified distance between aircraft positions
as reported by reference to RNAV equipment. Direct
controller-pilot communications should be maintained, while
5-20 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
such separation is used. Where high frequency or general
purpose extended range very high frequency air-ground
communication channels are used for area control service and
are worked by air-ground communicators, suitable arrangements
shall be made to permit direct controller-pilot communications,
or monitoring by the controller of all air-ground
communications.
5.4.2.5.3.1 To assist pilots to readily provide the required
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