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RNAV distance information, such position reports should,
wherever possible, be referenced to a common waypoint ahead
of both aircraft.
5.4.2.5.4 RNAV distance-based separation may be
applied between RNAV-equipped aircraft when operating on
designated RNAV routes or on ATS routes defined by VOR.
5.4.2.5.5 A 150 km (80 NM) RNAV distance-based
separation minimum with Mach number technique may be
used on same-direction tracks in lieu of a 10-minute longitudinal
separation minimum with Mach number technique,
provided;
a) each aircraft reports its distance to or from the same
“on-track” waypoint;
b) separation between aircraft at the same level is checked
by obtaining simultaneous RNAV distance readings
from the aircraft at frequent intervals to ensure that the
minimum will not be infringed (see Figure 5-24);
c) separation between aircraft climbing or descending is
established by obtaining simultaneous RNAV distance
readings from the aircraft (see Figures 5-25A and
5-25B); and
d) in the case of aircraft climbing or descending, one
aircraft maintains a level while vertical separation does
not exist.
5.4.2.5.6 When the 150 km (80 NM) longitudinal
separation minimum with Mach number technique is applied,
the preceding aircraft shall maintain a Mach number equal to
or greater than that maintained by the following aircraft.
Note.— To facilitate application of the procedure where a
considerable change of level is involved, a descending aircraft
may be cleared to some convenient level above the lower
aircraft, or a climbing aircraft to some convenient level below
the higher aircraft, to permit a further check on the separation
that will obtain while vertical separation does not exist.
5.4.2.5.7 Aircraft on reciprocal tracks. Aircraft utilizing
RNAV may be cleared to climb or descend to or through the
levels occupied by other aircraft utilizing RNAV provided it
has been positively established by simultaneous RNAV
distance readings to or from the same “on-track” waypoint that
the aircraft have passed each other and are at least 150 km
(80 NM) apart (see Figure 5-26).
5.4.2.6 LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION MINIMA
BASED ON DISTANCE USING RNAV
WHERE RNP IS SPECIFIED
Note.— Guidance material is contained in Attachment B to
Annex 11, the Manual on Required Navigation Performance
(RNP) (Doc 9613), the Air Traffic Services Planning Manual
(Doc 9426) and the Manual on Airspace Planning
Methodology for the Determination of Separation Minima
(Doc 9689).
Figure 5-24. 150 km (80 NM) RNAV-based separation between aircraft
at the same level (see 5.4.2.5.5 b))
150 km
(80 NM)
Waypoint
Chapter 5. Separation Methods and Minima 5-21
1/11/01
Figure 5-25A. 150 km (80 NM) RNAV-based separation between aircraft
climbing and on same track (see 5.4.2.5.5 c))
Figure 5-25B. 150 km (80 NM) RNAV-based separation between aircraft
descending and on same track (see 5.4.2.5.5 c))
150 km
(80 NM)
150 km
(80 NM)
150 km
(80 NM)
Waypoint
FL 260
(7 900 m)
FL 250
(7 600 m)
FL 240
(7 300 m)
150 km
(80 NM)
150 km
(80 NM)
150 km
(80 NM)
Waypoint
FL 260
(7 900 m)
FL 250
(7 600 m)
FL 240
(7 300 m)
5-22 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
5.4.2.6.1 Within designated airspace, or on designated
routes, separation minima in accordance with the provisions of
this section (5.4.2.6) may be used, subject to regional air
navigation agreements.
5.4.2.6.2 Separation shall be established by maintaining
not less than the specified distance between aircraft positions
as reported by reference to the same “on track” waypoint,
whenever possible ahead of both aircraft, or by means of an
automated position reporting system.
Note.— The term “on track” means that the aircraft is
flying either directly inbound to or directly outbound from the
station or waypoint.
5.4.2.6.2.1 When information is received indicating
navigation equipment failure or deterioration below the navigation
performance requirements, ATC shall then, as required,
apply alternative separation minima.
5.4.2.6.2.2 Direct controller-pilot communications shall
be maintained while applying a distance-based separation
minima. Direct controller-pilot communications shall be voice
or CPDLC. The communication criteria necessary for CPDLC
to satisfy the requirement for direct controller-pilot
communications shall be established by an appropriate safety
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