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3.2.1.2 ATFM should be implemented on the basis of a
regional air navigation agreement or, when appropriate, as a
multilateral agreement.
3.2.1.3 The ATFM service within a region or other
defined area, should be developed and implemented as a
centralized ATFM organization, supported by flow management
positions established at each area control centre (ACC)
within the region or area of applicability.
3.2.1.4 Certain flights may be exempt from ATFM
measures, or be given priority over other flights.
3.2.1.5 Detailed procedures governing the provision of
the ATFM measures, and service within a region or area
should be prescribed in a regional ATFM manual or handbook.
3.2.2 Flow management procedures
ATFM should be carried out in three phases:
a) strategic planning, if the action is carried out more
than one day before the day on which it will take
effect. Strategic planning is normally carried out well
in advance, typically two to six months ahead;
b) pre-tactical planning, if the action is to be taken on the
day before the day on which it will take effect;
c) tactical operations, if the action is taken on the day on
which it will take effect.
3.2.3 Strategic planning
3.2.3.1 Strategic planning should be carried out in
conjunction with ATC and the aircraft operators. It should
consist of examining the demand for the forthcoming season,
assessing where and when demand is likely to exceed the
available ATC capacity and taking steps to resolve the
imbalance by:
a) arranging with the ATC authority to provide adequate
capacity at the required place and time;
Chapter 3. ATS System Capacity and Air Traffic Flow Management 3-3
1/11/01
b) re-routing certain traffic flows (traffic orientation);
c) scheduling or rescheduling flights as appropriate; and
d) identifying the need for tactical ATFM measures.
3.2.3.2 Where a traffic orientation scheme (TOS) is to be
introduced, the routes should, as far as practicable, minimize
the time and distance penalties for the flights concerned, and
allow some degree of flexibility in the choice of routes,
particularly for long-range flights.
3.2.3.3 When a TOS has been agreed, details should be
published by all States concerned in a common format.
3.2.4 Pre-tactical planning
Pre-tactical planning should entail fine tuning of the strategic
plan in the light of updated demand data. During this phase:
a) certain traffic flows may be re-routed;
b) off-load routes may be coordinated;
c) tactical measures will be decided upon; and
d) details for the ATFM plan for the following day should
be published and made available to all concerned.
3.2.5 Tactical operations
3.2.5.1 Tactical ATFM operations should consist of:
a) executing the agreed tactical measures in order to
provide a reduced and even flow of traffic where
demand would otherwise have exceeded capacity;
b) monitoring the evolution of the air traffic situation to
ensure that the ATFM measures applied are having the
desired effect and to take or initiate remedial action
when long delays are reported, including re-routing of
traffic and flight level allocation, in order to utilize the
available ATC capacity to the maximum extent.
3.2.5.2 When the traffic demand exceeds, or is foreseen
to exceed, the capacity of a particular sector or aerodrome, the
responsible ATC unit shall advise the responsible ATFM unit,
where such a unit is established, and other ATC units
concerned. Flight crews of aircraft planned to fly in the
affected area and operators should be advised, as soon as
practicable, of the delays expected or the restrictions which
will be applied.
Note.— Operators known or believed to be concerned will
normally be advised by the regional air traffic flow management
service, when established.
3.2.6 Liaison
During all phases of ATFM the responsible units should liaise
closely with ATC and the aircraft operators in order to ensure
an effective and equitable service.
Note.— Attention is drawn to the guidance material
contained in the Air Traffic Services Planning Manual
(Doc 9426) regarding flow control as well as to procedures
contained in the Regional Supplementary Procedures
(Doc 7030) and regional ATFM Handbooks.
PANS-ATM 4-1 1/11/01
CHAPTER 4. GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES
4.1 RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE PROVISION OF
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE
4.1.1 Area control service
Area control service shall be provided:
a) by an area control centre (ACC); or
b) by the unit providing approach control service in a
control zone or in a control area of limited extent
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