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ATC from imparting to aircraft under its control any other
information at its disposal with a view to enhancing air safety
in accordance with the objectives of ATS as defined in
Chapter 2 of Annex 11.
Figure 5-36. Two-minute wake turbulence separation for opposite direction landing (see 5.8.5 b))
2 minutes
less than 760 m
2 minutes
2 minutes
Chapter 5. Separation Methods and Minima 5-31
1/11/01
Note 2.— Wake turbulence category will only be essential
traffic information if the aircraft concerned is of a heavier
wake turbulence category than the aircraft to which the traffic
information is directed.
5.11 REDUCTION IN SEPARATION MINIMA
Note.— See also Chapter 2, ATS safety management.
5.11.1 Provided an appropriate safety assessment has
shown that an acceptable level of safety will be maintained,
and after prior consultation with users, the separation minima
detailed in 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 may be reduced in the following
circumstances:
5.11.1.1 As determined by the appropriate ATS authority
as appropriate:
a) when special electronic or other aids enable the pilotin-
command of an aircraft to determine accurately the
aircraft’s position and when adequate communication
facilities exist for that position to be transmitted
without delay to the appropriate air traffic control unit;
or
b) when, in association with rapid and reliable communication
facilities, radar-derived information of an
aircraft’s position is available to the appropriate air
traffic control unit; or
c) when special electronic or other aids enable the air
traffic controller to predict rapidly and accurately the
flight paths of aircraft, and adequate facilities exist to
verify frequently the actual aircraft positions with the
predicted positions; or
d) when RNAV-equipped aircraft operate within the
coverage of electronic aids that provide the necessary
updates to maintain navigation accuracy.
5.11.1.2 In accordance with regional air navigation
agreements when:
a) special electronic, area navigation or other aids enable
the aircraft to closely adhere to their current flight
plans; and
b) the air traffic situation is such that the conditions in
5.11.1.1 a) regarding communications between pilots
and the appropriate ATC unit or units need not
necessarily be met to the degree specified therein.
Note.— Attention is drawn to the guidance material
contained in the Air Traffic Services Planning Manual
(Doc 9426) regarding conditions governing the reduction of
separation minima and to the Manual on Airspace Planning
Methodology for the Determination of Separation Minima
(Doc 9689).
PANS-ATM 6-1 1/11/01
CHAPTER 6. VISUAL SEPARATION IN THE VICINITY
OF AERODROMES
6.1 REDUCTION IN SEPARATION
MINIMA IN THE VICINITY
OF AERODROMES
In addition to the circumstances mentioned in Chapter 5,
5.11.1, the separation minima detailed in Chapter 5, 5.4.1 and
5.4.2, may be reduced in the vicinity of aerodromes if:
a) adequate separation can be provided by the aerodrome
controller when each aircraft is continuously visible to
this controller; or
b) each aircraft is continuously visible to flight crews
of the other aircraft concerned and the pilots
thereof report that they can maintain their own
separation; or
c) in the case of one aircraft following another, the
flight crew of the succeeding aircraft reports that
the other aircraft is in sight and separation can be
maintained.
6.2 ESSENTIAL LOCAL TRAFFIC
6.2.1 Information on essential local traffic known to the
controller shall be transmitted without delay to departing and
arriving aircraft concerned.
Note 1.— Essential local traffic in this context consists of
any aircraft, vehicle or personnel on or near the runway to be
used, or traffic in the take-off and climb-out area or the final
approach area, which may constitute a collision hazard to a
departing or arriving aircraft.
Note 2.— See also Chapter 5, Section 5.10, Chapter 7,
7.3.1.3 and Chapter 8, 8.8.2.
6.2.1.1 Essential local traffic shall be described so as to
be easily identified.
6.3 PROCEDURES FOR DEPARTING
AIRCRAFT
6.3.1 General
6.3.1.1 Clearances for departing aircraft shall specify,
when necessary for the separation of aircraft, direction of takeoff
and turn after take-off; heading or track to be made good
before taking up the cleared departure track; level to maintain
before continuing climb to assigned level; time, point and/or
rate at which a level change shall be made; and any other
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