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clear of the runway-in-use.
Note 1.— See Figure 7-3.
Note 2.— Wake turbulence categories of aircraft and
longitudinal separation minima are contained in Chapter 4,
Section 4.9 and Chapter 5, Section 5.8, respectively.
7.9.2 Reduction of separation minima
Provided an appropriate safety assessment has shown that an
acceptable level of safety will be met, lower minima than those
in 7.9.1 may be prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority,
after consultation with users, and taking into consideration
such factors as:
a) runway length;
b) aerodrome lay-out; and
c) types of aircraft involved.
Such lower minima shall not apply:
1) between sunset and sunrise, or such other period
between sunset and sunrise as may be prescribed;
2) when braking action may be adversely affected by
runway contaminants (e.g. slush, water, etc.);
3) in weather conditions preventing the pilot from
making an early assessment of traffic conditions on
the runway.
Note.— See the Air Traffic Services Planning Manual
(Doc 9426) for details of such lower minima developed by one
State.
Chapter 7. Procedures for Aerodrome Control Service 7-11
1/11/01
7.9.3 Clearance to land
An aircraft may be cleared to land when there is reasonable
assurance that the separation in 7.9.1, or prescribed in
accordance with 7.9.2, will exist when the aircraft crosses the
runway threshold, provided that a clearance to land shall not
be issued until a preceding landing aircraft has crossed the
runway threshold. To reduce the potential for misunderstanding,
the landing clearance shall include the designator of
the landing runway.
7.9.4 Landing and roll-out manoeuvres
7.9.4.1 When necessary or desirable in order to expedite
traffic, a landing aircraft may be requested to:
a) hold short of an intersecting runway after landing;
b) land beyond the touchdown zone of the runway;
c) vacate the runway at a specified exit taxiway;
d) expedite vacating the runway.
7.9.4.2 In requesting a landing aircraft to perform a
specific landing and/or roll-out manoeuvre, the type of aircraft,
runway length, location of exit taxiways, reported braking
action on runway and taxiway, and prevailing weather
conditions shall be considered. A HEAVY aircraft shall not be
requested to land beyond the touchdown zone of a runway.
7.9.4.3 If the pilot-in-command considers that he or she
is unable to comply with the requested operation, the
controller shall be advised without delay.
7.9.4.4 When necessary or desirable, e.g. due to low
visibility conditions, a landing or a taxiing aircraft may be
instructed to report when a runway has been vacated. The
report shall be made when the aircraft is well clear of the
runway.
7.10 PROCEDURES FOR LOW VISIBILITY
OPERATIONS
7.10.1 Control of aerodrome surface traffic
in conditions of low visibility
Note.— These procedures apply whenever conditions are
such that all or part of the manoeuvring area cannot be
visually monitored from the control tower. Additional
requirements which apply when category II/III approaches are
being conducted are specified in Section 7.10.2.
7.10.1.1 When there is a requirement for traffic to
operate on the manoeuvring area in conditions of visibility
which prevent the aerodrome control tower from applying
visual separation between aircraft, and between aircraft and
vehicles, the following shall apply:
7.10.1.1.1 At the intersection of taxiways, an aircraft or
vehicle on a taxiway shall not be permitted to hold closer to
the other taxiway than the holding position limit defined by a
clearance bar, stop bar or taxiway intersection marking
according to the specifications in Annex 14, Volume I,
Chapter 5.
7.10.1.1.2 The longitudinal separation on taxiways shall
be as specified for each particular aerodrome by the
appropriate ATS authority. This separation shall take into
account the characteristics of the aids available for surveillance
and control of ground traffic, the complexity of the aerodrome
layout and the characteristics of the aircraft using the
aerodrome.
Note.— The Manual of Surface Movement Guidance and
Control Systems (SMGCS) (Doc 9476) provides guidance on
surface movement guidance and control components and
procedures for low visibility operations.
7.10.2 Procedures for control of aerodrome traffic
when category II/III approaches are in use
7.10.2.1 The appropriate ATS authority shall establish
provisions applicable to the start and continuation of precision
approach category II/III operations as well as departure
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