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the prevailing traffic and weather conditions when
initiating visual approaches.
6.5.3.3 An IFR flight may be cleared to execute a visual
approach provided the pilot can maintain visual reference to
the terrain and:
a) the reported ceiling is at or above the approved initial
approach level for the aircraft so cleared; or
b) the pilot reports at the initial approach level or at any
time during the instrument approach procedure that the
meteorological conditions are such that with
reasonable assurance a visual approach and landing
can be completed.
6.5.3.4 Separation shall be provided between an aircraft
cleared to execute a visual approach and other arriving and
departing aircraft.
6.5.3.5 For successive visual approaches, radar or nonradar
separation shall be maintained until the pilot of a
succeeding aircraft reports having the preceding aircraft in
sight. The aircraft shall then be instructed to follow and
maintain own separation from the preceding aircraft. When
both aircraft are of a heavy wake turbulence category, or the
preceding aircraft is of a heavier wake turbulence category
than the following, and the distance between the aircraft is less
than the appropriate wake turbulence minimum, the controller
shall issue a caution of possible wake turbulence. The pilot-incommand
of the aircraft concerned shall be responsible for
ensuring that the spacing from a preceding aircraft of a heavier
wake turbulence category is acceptable. If it is determined that
additional spacing is required, the flight crew shall inform the
ATC unit accordingly, stating their requirements.
6.5.3.6 Transfer of communications to the aerodrome
controller should be effected at such a point or time that
information on essential local traffic, if applicable, and
clearance to land or alternative instructions can be issued to the
aircraft in a timely manner.
6.5.4 Instrument approach
6.5.4.1 The approach control unit shall specify the
instrument approach procedure to be used by arriving aircraft.
A flight crew may request an alternative procedure and, if
circumstances permit, should be cleared accordingly.
6.5.4.2 If a pilot reports or it is clearly apparent to the
ATC unit that the pilot is not familiar with an instrument
approach procedure, the initial approach level, the point (in
minutes from the appropriate reporting point) at which base
turn or procedure turn will be started, the level at which the
procedure turn shall be carried out and the final approach track
shall be specified, except that only the last-mentioned need be
specified if the aircraft is to be cleared for a straight-in
approach. The frequency(ies) of the navigation aid(s) to be
used as well as the missed approach procedure shall also be
specified when deemed necessary.
6.5.4.3 If visual reference to terrain is established before
completion of the approach procedure, the entire procedure
must nevertheless be executed unless the aircraft requests and
is cleared for a visual approach.
6.5.5 Holding
6.5.5.1 In the event of extended delays, aircraft should
be advised of the anticipated delay as early as possible and,
when practicable, be instructed or given the option to reduce
speed en route in order to absorb delay.
6.5.5.2 When delay is expected, the ACC shall normally
be responsible for clearing aircraft to the holding point, and for
including holding instructions, and expected approach time or
onward clearance time, as applicable, in such clearances.
(See Section 6.5.8.)
6.5.5.3 After coordination with the approach control unit,
the ACC may clear arriving aircraft to visual holding points to
hold until further advised by the approach control unit.
6.5.5.4 After coordination with the aerodrome control
tower, the approach control unit may clear arriving aircraft to
visual holding points to hold until further advised by the
aerodrome control tower.
Chapter 6. Visual Separation in the Vicinity of Aerodromes 6-5
1/11/01
6.5.5.5 Holding and holding pattern entry shall be
accomplished in accordance with procedures established by
the appropriate ATS authority and published in AIPs. If entry
and holding procedures have not been published or if the
procedures are not known to a flight crew, the appropriate air
traffic control unit shall specify the designator of the location
or aid to be used, the inbound track, radial or bearing, direction
of turn in the holding pattern as well as the time of the
outbound leg or the distances between which to hold.
6.5.5.6 Aircraft should normally be held at a designated
holding point. The required minimum vertical, lateral or
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