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on same track and same level (see 5.4.2.2.1.1 a))
Figure 5-9. Ten-minute separation between aircraft
on same track and same level (see 5.4.2.2.1.1 b))
Figure 5-10. Five-minute separation between aircraft
on same track and same level (see 5.4.2.2.1.1 c))
Figure 5-11. Three-minute separation between aircraft
on same track and same level (see 5.4.2.2.1.1 d))
Figure 5-12. Fifteen-minute separation between aircraft
on crossing tracks and same level (see 5.4.2.2.1.2 a))
Figure 5-13. Ten-minute separation between aircraft
on crossing tracks and same level (see 5.4.2.2.1.2 b))
15 min
10 min
Navigation
aid
Navigation
aid
5 min
Aerodrome
Reporting point
or 37 km/h (20 kt)
or more faster
3 min
Aerodrome
Reporting point
or 74 km/h (40 kt)
or more faster
15 min 10 min
Navigation
aid
Navigation
aid
Navigation
aids
5-10 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
a) 15 minutes while vertical separation does not exist (see
Figures 5-14A and 5-14B); or
b) 10 minutes while vertical separation does not exist,
provided that such separation is authorized only where
navigation aids permit frequent determination of
position and speed (see Figures 5-15A and 5-15B); or
c) 5 minutes while vertical separation does not exist,
provided that the level change is commenced within
10 minutes of the time the second aircraft has reported
over an exact reporting point (see Figures 5-16A
and 5-16B).
Note.— To facilitate application of the procedure where a
considerable change of level is involved, a descending aircraft
may be cleared to some convenient level above the lower
aircraft, or a climbing aircraft to some convenient level below
the higher aircraft, to permit a further check on the separation
that will obtain while vertical separation does not exist.
5.4.2.2.2.2 Aircraft on crossing tracks:
a) 15 minutes while vertical separation does not exist
(see Figures 5-17A and 5-17B); or
b) 10 minutes while vertical separation does not exist if
navigation aids permit frequent determination of
position and speed (see Figures 5-18A and 5-18B).
5.4.2.2.3 Aircraft on reciprocal tracks. Where lateral
separation is not provided, vertical separation shall be
provided for at least ten minutes prior to and after the time the
aircraft are estimated to pass, or are estimated to have passed
(see Figure 5-19). Provided it has been determined that the
aircraft have passed each other, this minimum need not apply.
5.4.2.3 LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION MINIMA
BASED ON DISTANCE USING DISTANCE MEASURING
EQUIPMENT (DME)
Note.— Where the term “on track” is used in the
provisions relating to the application of longitudinal
separation minima using DME, it means that the aircraft is
flying either directly inbound to or directly outbound from the
station.
5.4.2.3.1 Separation shall be established by maintaining
not less than specified distance(s) between aircraft positions as
reported by reference to DME in conjunction with other
appropriate navigation aids. Direct controller-pilot communication
shall be maintained while such separation is used.
5.4.2.3.2 AIRCRAFT AT THE SAME CRUISING LEVEL
5.4.2.3.2.1 Aircraft on the same track:
a) 37 km (20 NM), provided:
1) each aircraft utilizes the same “on-track” DME
stations; and
2) separation is checked by obtaining simultaneous
DME readings from the aircraft at frequent
intervals to ensure that the minimum will not be
infringed (see Figure 5-20);
b) 19 km (10 NM) provided:
1) the leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 37
km/h (20 kt) or more faster than the succeeding
aircraft;
2) each aircraft utilizes the same “on-track” DME
stations; and
3) separation is checked by obtaining simultaneous
DME readings from the aircraft at such intervals as
are necessary to ensure that the minimum
is established and will not be infringed (see
Figure 5-21).
5.4.2.3.2.2 Aircraft on crossing tracks. The longitudinal
separation prescribed in 5.4.2.3.2.1 shall also apply provided
each aircraft reports distance from the station located at the
crossing point of the tracks and that the relative angle between
the tracks is less than 90 degrees (see Figures 5-22A and
5-22B).
5.4.2.3.2.3 Aircraft climbing or descending on the same
track: 19 km (10 NM) while vertical separation does not exist,
provided:
a) each aircraft utilizes “on-track” DME stations;
b) one aircraft maintains a level while vertical separation
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